{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T23:54:09Z","timestamp":1794614049204,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]],"date-time":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50816: RR374-053\/4893206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50816: RR374-053\/4893206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50816: RR374-053\/4893196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50816: RR374-053\/4893196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T04:23:56Z","timestamp":1481948636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Pennance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobbie","family":"Person","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mtumweni Ali","family":"Muhsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alipo Naim","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juma","family":"Muhsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iddi Simba","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalfan Abdallah","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Kabole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rollinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Knopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-46","volume":"10","author":"MW Aregawi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aregawi MW, Ali AS, Al-Mafazy A-W, Molteni F, Katikiti S, Warsame M, et al. Reductions in malaria and anaemia case and death burden at hospitals following scale-up of malaria control in Zanzibar, 1999\u20132008. Malar J. 2011;10(1):46.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1847_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040309","volume":"4","author":"A Bhattarai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhattarai A, Ali AS, Kachur SP, Martensson A, Abbas AK, Khatib R, et al. Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar. PLoS Med. 2007;4(11):e309.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1847_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.1.123","volume":"93","author":"M Vreysen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vreysen M, Saleh K, Ali M, Abdulla A, Zhu Z, Juma K, et al. The use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) for the eradication of the tsetse fly Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) on the Island of Unguja (Zanzibar). J Econ Entomol. 2000;93:123\u201335.","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1847_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.05.010","volume":"22","author":"KA Mohammed","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mohammed KA, Molyneux DH, Albonico M, Rio F. Progress towards eliminating lymphatic filariasis in Zanzibar: a model programme. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22(7):340\u20134.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1847_CR5","first-page":"e3669","volume":"9","author":"MP Rebollo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rebollo MP, Mohammed KA, Thomas B, Ame S, Ali SM, Cano J, et al. Cessation of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Zanzibar in 2006: was transmission interrupted? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(3):e3669.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1847_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(66)90002-2","volume":"60","author":"D Forsyth","year":"1966","unstructured":"Forsyth D, MacDonald G. Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in schoolchildren Part 2. Donge school, Zanzibar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1966;60(5):568\u201378.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1847_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90336-2","volume":"83","author":"L Savioli","year":"1989","unstructured":"Savioli L, Dixon H, Kisumku UM, Mott KE. Control of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium on Pemba island; selective population chemotherapy of schoolchildren with haematuria to identify high-risk localities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989;83(6):805\u201310.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1847_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(89)90129-4","volume":"5","author":"L Savioli","year":"1989","unstructured":"Savioli L, Mott K. Urinary schistosomiasis on Pemba Island: low-cost diagnosis for control in a primary health care setting. Parasitol Today. 1989;5(10):333\u20137.","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"1847_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90504-6","volume":"91","author":"N Lwambo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lwambo N, Savioli L, Kisumku U, Alawi K, Bundy D. The relationship between prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection and different morbidity indicators during the course of a control programme on Pemba Island. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91(6):643\u20136.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1847_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90421-9","volume":"96","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stothard JR, Mgeni A, Khamis S, Seto E, Ramsan M, Rollinson D. Urinary schistosomiasis in schoolchildren on Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania: a parasitological survey supplemented with questionnaires. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96(5):507\u201314.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1847_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.03.024","volume":"103","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stothard JR, French MD, Khamis IS, Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez M-G, Rollinson D. The epidemiology and control of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in schoolchildren on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103(10):1031\u201344.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1847_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.04.010","volume":"128","author":"S Knopp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knopp S, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Mohammed KA, Khamis I, Marti H, et al. From morbidity control to transmission control: time to change tactics against helminths on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Acta Trop. 2011;128(2):412\u201322.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-930","volume":"12","author":"S Knopp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knopp S, Mohammed KA, Ali SM, Khamis IS, Ame SM, Albonico M, et al. Study and implementation of urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba islands) using an integrated multidisciplinary approach. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):930.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1847_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002474","volume":"7","author":"S Knopp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knopp S, Person B, Ame SM, Mohammed KA, Ali SM, Khamis IS, et al. Elimination of schistosomiasis transmission in Zanzibar: baseline findings before the onset of a randomized intervention trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(10):e2474.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1847_CR15","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis: progress report 2001\u20132011, strategic plan 2012\u20132020","author":"WHO","year":"2013","unstructured":"WHO. Schistosomiasis: progress report 2001\u20132011, strategic plan 2012\u20132020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. Accessed 14 Jun 2016."},{"key":"1847_CR16","volume-title":"Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: a roadmap for implementation: executive summary","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO. Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: a roadmap for implementation: executive summary. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Accessed 14 Jun 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.09.006","volume":"105","author":"JW Rudge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rudge JW, Stothard JR, Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez M-G, Mgeni AF, Khamis IS, Khamis AN, et al. Micro-epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: local risk factors associated with distribution of infections among schoolchildren and relevance for control. Acta Trop. 2008;105(1):45\u201354.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"1847_CR18","first-page":"614","volume":"15","author":"A Guidi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guidi A, Andolina C, Makame Ame S, Albonico M, Cioli D, Juma Haji H. Praziquantel efficacy and long\u2010term appraisal of schistosomiasis control in Pemba Island. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(5):614\u20138.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1847_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01665-3","volume":"16","author":"H Laamrani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Laamrani H, Mahjour J, Madsen H, Khallaayoune K, Gryseels B. Schistosoma haematobium in Morocco: moving from control to elimination. Parasitol Today. 2000;16(6):257\u201360.","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"1847_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.443","volume":"70","author":"JA Clennon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clennon JA, King CH, Muchiri EM, Kariuki HC, Ouma JH, Mungai P, et al. Spatial patterns of urinary schistosomiasis infection in a highly endemic area of coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;70(4):443\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1847_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.1034","volume":"75","author":"JA Clennon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clennon JA, Mungai PL, Muchiri EM, King CH, Kitron U. Spatial and temporal variations in local transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Msambweni, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75(6):1034\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1847_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-125","volume":"7","author":"HC Sang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sang HC, Muchiri G, Ombok M, Odiere MR, Mwinzi P. Schistosoma haematobium hotspots in south Nyanza, western Kenya: prevalence, distribution and co-endemicity with Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:125.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1847_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.12.004","volume":"143","author":"L Zou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zou L, Ruan S. Schistosomiasis transmission and control in China. Acta Trop. 2015;143:51\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"7","key":"1847_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7","volume":"6","author":"P Steinmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steinmann P, Keiser J, Bos R, Tanner M, Utzinger J. Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(7):411\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1847_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003831","volume":"9","author":"JC Sousa-Figueiredo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Stanton MC, Katokele S, Arinaitwe M, Adriko M, Balfour L, et al. Mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Namibia: the first large-scale protocol to formally include rapid diagnostic tests. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(7):e0003831.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00122-4","volume":"77","author":"L Chitsulo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chitsulo L, Engels D, Montresor A, Savioli L. The global status of schistosomiasis and its control. Acta Trop. 2000;77(1):41\u201351.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"1847_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0808041","volume":"360","author":"CH King","year":"2009","unstructured":"King CH. Toward the elimination of schistosomiasis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):106\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1847_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.04.013","volume":"128","author":"D Rollinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rollinson D, Knopp S, Levitz S, Stothard JR, Tchuem Tchuent\u00e9 LA, Garba A, et al. Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination. Acta Trop. 2013;128(2):423\u201340.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"1847_CR29","volume-title":"2012 Population and Housing Census; Population Distribution by Administrative Areas. Economy and Development Planning Zanzibar","author":"Office of Chief Government Statistician Presidents Office","year":"2013","unstructured":"Office of Chief Government Statistician Presidents Office. 2012 Population and Housing Census; Population Distribution by Administrative Areas. Economy and Development Planning Zanzibar. 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"1847_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/63.4.489","volume":"63","author":"JR Stothard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stothard JR, Mgeni A, Alawi K, Savioli I, Rollinson D. Observations on shell morphology, enzymes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in Bulinus africanus group snails (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Zanzibar. J Molluscan Stud. 1997;63(4):489\u2013503.","journal-title":"J Molluscan Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2000.11813517","volume":"94","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stothard JR, Loxton N, Rollinson D, Mgeni A, Khamis S, Ameri H, et al. The transmission status of Bulinus on Zanzibar Island (Unguja), with implications for control of urinary schistosomiasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2000;94(1):87\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1847_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90406-2","volume":"96","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stothard JR, Mgeni A, Khamis S, Seto E, Ramsan M, Hubbard S, et al. New insights into the transmission biology of urinary schistosomiasis in Zanzibar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96(5):470\u20135.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1244-0","volume":"9","author":"S Knopp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knopp S, Person B, Ame SM, Ali SM, Muhsin J, Juma S, et al. Praziquantel coverage in schools and communities targeted for the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional survey. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9(1):1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1847_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482295184","volume-title":"Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance","author":"DS Brown","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brown DS. Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis; 1994.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"1847_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.01.003","volume":"128","author":"FE Allan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allan FE, Dunn AM, Emery AM, Stothard JR, Johnston DA, Kane RA, et al. Use of sentinel snails for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium transmission on Zanzibar and observations on transmission patterns. Acta Trop. 2013;128(2):234\u201340.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"1847_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-185","volume":"5","author":"AM Emery","year":"2012","unstructured":"Emery AM, Allan FE, Rabone ME, Rollinson D. Schistosomiasis collection at NHM (SCAN). Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:185.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0608-1","volume":"8","author":"R Anderson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anderson R, Turner H, Farrell S, Yang J, Truscott J. What is required in terms of mass drug administration to interrupt the transmission of schistosome parasites in regions of endemic infection? Parasit Vectors. 2015;8(1):1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"03","key":"1847_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080896","volume":"110","author":"A Fulford","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fulford A, Butterworth A, Ouma J, Sturrock R. A statistical approach to schistosome population dynamics and estimation of the life-span of Schistosoma mansoni in man. Parasitology. 1995;110(03):307\u201316.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"01","key":"1847_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000051982","volume":"79","author":"R Anderson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Anderson R, May R. Prevalence of schistosome infections within molluscan populations: observed patterns and theoretical predictions. Parasitology. 1979;79(01):63\u201394.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1847_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.765","volume":"71","author":"J Hamburger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamburger J, Hoffman O, Kariuki HC, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Koech DK, et al. Large-scale, polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance of Schistosoma haematobium DNA in snails from transmission sites in coastal Kenya: a new tool for studying the dynamics of snail infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(6):765\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0608-1","volume":"8","author":"B Senghor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Senghor B, Diaw OT, Doucoure S, Seye M, Talla I, Diallo A, et al. Study of the snail intermediate hosts of urogenital schistosomiasis in Niakhar, region of Fatick, West central Senegal. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8(1):1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"1847_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0764","volume":"83","author":"I Abbasi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbasi I, King CH, Muchiri EM, Hamburger J. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: identification of infected snails from early prepatency. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(2):427.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1847_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.872","volume":"59","author":"J Hamburger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamburger J, Ramzy R, Jourdane J, Ruppel A. A polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting snails infected with bilharzia parasites (Schistosoma mansoni) from very early prepatency. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59(6):872\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1847_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0208","volume":"88","author":"J Hamburger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamburger J, Abbasi I, Kariuki C, Wanjala A, Mzungu E, Mungai P, et al. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification suitable for molecular monitoring of schistosome-infected snails in field laboratories. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88(2):344\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"1847_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00750-15","volume":"81","author":"N Jothikumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jothikumar N, Mull BJ, Brant SV, Loker ES, Collinson J, Secor WE, et al. Real-time PCR and sequencing assays for rapid detection and identification of avian schistosomes in environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015;81(12):4207\u201315.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9957-4-4","volume":"4","author":"A Dabo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dabo A, Diarra AZ, Machault V, Tour\u00e9 O, Niamb\u00e9l\u00e9 DS, Kant\u00e9 A, et al. Urban schistosomiasis and associated determinant factors among school children in Bamako, Mali, West Africa. Infect Dis Poverty. 2015;4(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR47","first-page":"69","volume":"34","author":"VN Okwuosa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Okwuosa VN, Osuala FO. Toxicity of washing soaps to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and effects of sublethal concentrations on infectivity in mice. Appl Parasitol. 1993;34(1):69\u201375.","journal-title":"Appl Parasitol"},{"key":"1847_CR48","volume-title":"Soap, toilets and taps","author":"UNICEF","year":"2009","unstructured":"UNICEF. Soap, toilets and taps. 2009. \n                    http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/wash\/files\/FINAL_Soap_Toilets_Taps.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 13 July 2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"1847_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002439","volume":"7","author":"MC Freeman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freeman MC, Ogden S, Jacobson J, Abbott D, Addiss DG, Amnie AG, et al. Integration of water, sanitation, and hygiene for the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a rationale for inter-sectoral collaboration. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(9):e2439.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1847_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002651","volume":"8","author":"SJ Campbell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Campbell SJ, Savage GB, Gray DJ, Atkinson J-AM, Magalhaes RJS, Nery SV, et al. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH): a critical component for sustainable soil-transmitted helminth and schistosomiasis control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(4):e2651.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1847_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003296","volume":"8","author":"JE Grimes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grimes JE, Croll D, Harrison WE, Utzinger J, Freeman MC, Templeton MR. The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(12):e3296.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1847_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0766-9","volume":"8","author":"JE Grimes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grimes JE, Croll D, Harrison WE, Utzinger J, Freeman MC, Templeton MR. The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8(1):1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"13","key":"1847_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991600","volume":"136","author":"J Utzinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Utzinger J, Raso G, Brooker S, De Savigny D, Tanner M, \u00d8rnbjerg N, et al. Schistosomiasis and neglected tropical diseases: towards integrated and sustainable control and a word of caution. Parasitology. 2009;136(13):1859\u201374.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1847_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003657","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003657","volume":"9","author":"CH King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King CH, Bertsch D. Historical perspective: Snail control to prevent schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(4):e0003657.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1847_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004794","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004794","volume":"10","author":"SH Sokolow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sokolow SH, Wood CL, Jones IJ, Swartz SJ, Lopez M, Hsieh MH, et al. Global assessment of schistosomiasis control over the past century shows targeting the snail intermediate host works best. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(7):e0004794.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T12:37:43Z","timestamp":1589546263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"646"}}