{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:16:03Z","timestamp":1783689363068,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2152-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T12:55:16Z","timestamp":1493816116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["CD3+CD4negCD8neg (double negative) T lymphocytes and NKT cells as the main cytotoxic-related-CD107a+ cells in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa F.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas F.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo R.","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Pereira-Da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando O.","family":"Schubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Da-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro Luiz","family":"Bertho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2152_CR1","unstructured":"WHO | Leishmaniasis. WHO. [cited 2015 Mar 25]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs375\/en\/"},{"key":"2152_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00969.x","volume":"39","author":"MP Oliveira-Neto De","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Oliveira-Neto MP, Mattos MS, Perez MA, Da-Cruz AM, Fernandes O, Moreira J, et al. American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39:506\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2152_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.11.006","volume":"279","author":"MCA Brelaz-de-Castro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, de Almeida AF, de Oliveira AP, de Assis-Souza M, da Rocha LF, Pereira VRA. Cellular immune response evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis patient cells stimulated with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis antigenic fractions before and after clinical cure. Cell Immunol. 2012;279:180\u20136.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3232-3239.2001","volume":"69","author":"RL Bottrel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bottrel RL, Dutra WO, Martins FA, Gontijo B, Carvalho E, Barral-Netto M, et al. Flow cytometric determination of cellular sources and frequencies of key cytokine-producing lymphocytes directed against recombinant LACK and soluble Leishmania antigen in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infect Immun. 2001;69:3232\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2152_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6734-6740.2002","volume":"70","author":"O Bacellar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bacellar O, Lessa H, Schriefer A, Machado P. Ribeiro de Jesus A, Dutra WO, et al. Up-regulation of Th1-type responses in mucosal leishmaniasis patients. Infect Immun. 2002;70:6734\u201340.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2152_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100019","volume":"31","author":"SG Coutinho","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coutinho SG, Da-Cruz AM, Bertho AL, Santiago MA, De-Luca P. Immunologic patterns associated with cure in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1998;31:139\u201342.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2152_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000000300010","volume":"33","author":"AL Bertho","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bertho AL, Santiago MA, Da-Cruz AM, Coutinho SG. Detection of early apoptosis and cell death in T CD4+ and CD8+ cells from lesions of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000;33:317\u201325.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2152_CR8","first-page":"251","volume":"9","author":"AM Da-Cruz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Da-Cruz AM, Bittar R, Mattos M, Oliveira-Neto MP, Nogueira R, Pinho-Ribeiro V, et al. T-cell-mediated immune responses in patients with cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis: long-term evaluation after therapy. Clin Diag Lab Immunol. 2002;9:251\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Diag Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06647.x","volume":"153","author":"AM Da-Cruz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Da-Cruz AM, Bertho AL, Oliveira-Neto MP, Coutinho SG. Flow cytometric analysis of cellular infiltrate from American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153:537\u201343.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2152_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000069","volume":"102","author":"RC Bittar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bittar RC, Nogueira RS, Vieira-Gon\u00e7alves R, Pinho-Ribeiro V, Mattos MS, Oliveira-Neto MP, et al. T-cell responses associated with resistance to Leishmania infection in individuals from endemic areas for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102:625\u201330.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2152_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0799-x","volume":"15","author":"R Ferraz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferraz R, Cunha CF, Gomes-Silva A, Schubach AO, Pimentel MIF, Lyra MR, et al. Apoptosis and frequency of total and effector CD8+ T lymphocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients during antimonial therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:74.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2152_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02404-14","volume":"83","author":"TM Cardoso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cardoso TM, Machado \u00c1, Costa DL, Carvalho LP, Queiroz A, Machado P, et al. Protective and pathological functions of CD8+ T cells in Leishmania braziliensis infection. Infect Immun. 2015;83:898\u2013906.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2152_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.9.4467","volume":"159","author":"CI Brodskyn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brodskyn CI, Barral A, Boaventura V, Carvalho E, Barral-Netto M. Parasite-driven in vitro human lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous infected macrophages from mucosal leishmaniasis. J Immunol. 1997;159:4467\u201373.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00962.x","volume":"17","author":"M Barral-Netto","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barral-Netto M, Barral A, Brodskyn C, Carvalho EM, Reed SG. Cytotoxicity in human mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol. 1995;17:21\u20138.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.4","volume":"33","author":"S Santos Cda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santos Cda S, Boaventura V, Ribeiro Cardoso C, Tavares N, Lordelo MJ, Noronha A, et al. CD8(+) Granzyme B(+)-mediated tissue injury versus CD4(+)IFN\u03b3(+)-mediated parasite killing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;33:1533\u201340.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2152_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1086\/382031","volume":"189","author":"T Bousoffara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bousoffara T, Louzir H, Ben Salah A, Dellagi K. Analysis of granzyme B activity as a surrogate marker of Leishmania-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:1265\u201373.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2152_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01125.x","volume":"31","author":"DR Faria","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faria DR, Souza PEA, Dur\u00e3es FV, Carvalho EM, Gollob KJ, Machado PR, et al. Recruitment of CD8(+) T cells expressing granzyme A is associated with lesion progression in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol. 2009;31:432\u20139.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01611181","volume":"421","author":"P Esterre","year":"1992","unstructured":"Esterre P, Dedet JP, Frenay C, Chevallier M, Grimaud JA. Cell populations in the lesion of human cutaneous leishmaniasis: a light microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1992;421:239\u201347.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"2152_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(04)75020-7","volume":"75","author":"MR Betts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Betts MR, Koup RA. Detection of T-cell degranulation: CD107a and b. Methods Cell Biol. 2004;75:497\u2013512.","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol"},{"key":"2152_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2008.08.007","volume":"254","author":"E Aktas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aktas E, Kucuksezer UC, Bilgic S, Erten G, Deniz G. Relationship between CD107a expression and cytotoxic activity. Cell Immunol. 2009;254:149\u201354.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.49","volume":"9","author":"L Zaritskaya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zaritskaya L, Shurin MR, Sayers TJ, Malyguine AM. New flow cytometric assays for monitoring cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2010;9:601\u201316.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2152_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199712000-00006","volume":"19","author":"GI Palma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Palma GI, Saravia NG. In situ characterization of the human host response to Leishmania panamensis. Am J Dermatopathol. 1997;19:585\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"2152_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2011.01343.x","volume":"34","author":"MR Palmeiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmeiro MR, Morgado FN, Valete-Rosalino CM, Martins AC, Moreira J, Quintella LP, et al. Comparative study of the in situ immune response in oral and nasal mucosal leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol. 2012;34:23\u201331.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR24","first-page":"50","volume":"158","author":"FN Morgado","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morgado FN, Schubach A, Rosalino CMV, Quintella LP, Santos G, Salgueiro M, et al. Is the in situ inflammatory reaction an important tool to understand the cellular immune response in American tegumentary leishmaniasis? Br J Dermatol. 2008;158:50\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2152_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.296","volume":"50","author":"E Cupolillo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cupolillo E, Grimaldi Jr G, Momen H. A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;50:296\u2013311.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2152_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0475-7","volume":"37","author":"FO Novais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Novais FO, Scott P. CD8(+) T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Semin Immunopathol. 2015;37:251\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2152_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7853","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7853-7859.2005","volume":"73","author":"DR Faria","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faria DR, Gollob KJ, Barbosa J, Schriefer A, Machado PRL, Lessa H, et al. Decreased in situ expression of interleukin-10 receptor is correlated with the exacerbated inflammatory and cytotoxic responses observed in mucosal leishmaniasis. Infect Immun. 2005;73:7853\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2152_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.428","volume":"130","author":"AM Da-Cruz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Da-Cruz AM, Oliveira-Neto MP, Bertho AL, Mendes-Aguiar CO, Coutinho SG. T cells specific to Leishmania and other nonrelated microbial antigens can migrate to human leishmaniasis skin lesions. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130:1329\u201336.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2152_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00265-06","volume":"74","author":"J Clar\u00eancio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clar\u00eancio J, de Oliveira CI, Bomfim G, Pompeu MM, Teixeira MJ, Barbosa TC, et al. Characterization of the T-cell receptor Vbeta repertoire in the human immune response against Leishmania parasites. Infect Immun. 2006;74:4757\u201365.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2152_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150039","volume":"110","author":"R Ferraz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferraz R, Cunha CF, Pimentel MI, Lyra MR, Schubach AO, de Mendon\u00e7a SCF, et al. T-cell receptor V\u03b2 repertoire of CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2015;110:596\u2013605.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2152_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133063","volume":"10","author":"FN Morgado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morgado FN, Nascimento MTC, Saraiva EM, de Oliveira-Ribeiro C, Madeira Mde F, da Costa-Santos M, et al. Are neutrophil extracellular traps playing a role in the parasite control in active American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions? PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0133063.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2152_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.05.007","volume":"128","author":"FF Tuon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tuon FF, Gomes-Silva A, Da-Cruz AM, Duarte MIS, Neto VA, Amato VS. Local immunological factors associated with recurrence of mucosal leishmaniasis. Clin Immunol. 2008;128:442\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201163","volume":"190","author":"A Eljaafari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eljaafari A, Yuruker O, Ferrand C, Farre A, Addey C, Tartelin M-L, et al. Isolation of human CD4\/CD8 double-positive, graft-versus-host disease-protective, minor histocompatibility antigen-specific regulatory T cells and of a novel HLA-DR7-restricted HY-specific CD4 clone. J Immunol. 2013;190:184\u201394.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22927","volume":"56","author":"Y Parel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parel Y, Aurrand-Lions M, Scheja A, Dayer J-M, Roosnek E, Chizzolini C. Presence of CD4\u2009+\u2009CD8+ double-positive T cells with very high interleukin-4 production potential in lesional skin of patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:3459\u201367.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2152_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8727","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401500101","volume":"101","author":"SG Kitchen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kitchen SG, Jones NR, LaForge S, Whitmire JK, Vu B-A, Galic Z, et al. CD4 on CD8(+) T cells directly enhances effector function and is a target for HIV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8727\u201332.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2152_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1RU0814-382","volume":"97","author":"NH Overgaard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Overgaard NH, Jung J-W, Steptoe RJ, Wells JW. CD4+\/CD8+ double-positive T cells: more than just a developmental stage? J Leukoc Biol. 2015;97:31\u20138.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2152_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01681.x","volume":"62","author":"FCS Aranha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aranha FCS, Ribeiro Jr U, Basse P, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells may have a direct role in the control of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigote and macrophage infection. Scand J Immunol. 2005;62:334\u201341.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lieke T, Nyl\u00e9n S, Eidsmo L, Schmetz C, Berg L, Akuffo H. The interplay between Leishmania promastigotes and human Natural Killer cells in vitro leads to direct lysis of Leishmania by NK cells and modulation of NK cell activity by Leishmania promastigotes. Parasitol. 2011;138:1898\u2013909.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001363"},{"key":"2152_CR39","first-page":"449","volume":"12","author":"P Machado","year":"2002","unstructured":"Machado P, Kanitakis J, Almeida R, Chalon A, Ara\u00fajo C, Carvalho EM. Evidence of in situ cytotoxicity in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eur J Dermatol. 2002;12:449\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"2152_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901348","volume":"184","author":"AG Joyee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joyee AG, Uzonna J, Yang X. Invariant NKT cells preferentially modulate the function of CD8 alpha\u2009+\u2009dendritic cell subset in inducing type 1 immunity against infection. J Immunol. 2010;184:2095\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/12.9.1267","volume":"12","author":"H Ishikawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ishikawa H, Hisaeda H, Taniguchi M, Nakayama T, Sakai T, Maekawa Y, et al. CD4(+) v(alpha)14 NKT cells play a crucial role in an early stage of protective immunity against infection with Leishmania major. Int Immunol. 2000;12:1267\u201374.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.11.001","volume":"22","author":"S Vasan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vasan S, Tsuji M. A double-edged sword: the role of NKT cells in malaria and HIV infection and immunity. Semin Immunol. 2010;22:87\u201396.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/156652409787314534","volume":"9","author":"L Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu L, Van Kaer L. Natural killer T cells and autoimmune disease. Curr Mol Med. 2009;9:4\u201314.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"2152_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.011","volume":"73","author":"S Kumari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumari S, Jamal F, Shivam P, Thakur A, Kumar M, Bimal S, et al. Leishmania donovani skews the CD56(+) Natural Killer T cell response during human visceral leishmaniasis. Cytokine. 2015;73:53\u201360.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2152_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12312","volume":"38","author":"CF Cunha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cunha CF, Ferraz R, Pimentel MIF, Lyra MR, Schubach AO, Da-Cruz AM, Bertho AL. Cytotoxic cell involvment in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessments in active disease, under therapy and after clinical cure. Par Immunol. 2016;38:244\u201354.","journal-title":"Par Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.03.016","volume":"8","author":"KJ Gollob","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gollob KJ, Antonelli LRV, Faria DR, Keesen TSL, Dutra WO. Immunoregulatory mechanisms and CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cell subpopulations in human cutaneous leishmaniasis: a balancing act between protection and pathology. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008;8:1338\u201343.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2152_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0073-5","volume":"13","author":"JC Chapman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chapman JC, Chapman FM, Michael SD. The production of alpha\/beta and gamma\/delta double negative (DN) T-cells and their role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;13:73.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2152_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05761.x","volume":"85","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"1991","unstructured":"Matsumoto M, Yasukawa M, Inatsuki A, Kobayashi Y. Human double-negative (CD4-CD8-) T cells bearing alpha beta T cell receptor possess both helper and cytotoxic activities. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991;85(3):525\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2152_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.13.5059","volume":"86","author":"V Groh","year":"1989","unstructured":"Groh V, Fabbi M, Hochstenbach F, Maziarz RT, Strominger JL. Double-negative (CD4-CD8-) lymphocytes bearing T-cell receptor alpha and beta chains in normal human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(13):5059\u201363.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2152_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004396","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004396","volume":"10","author":"Z Mou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mou Z, Liu D, Okwor I, Jia P, Orihara K, Uzonna JE. MHC Class II Restricted innate-like double negative T cells contribute to optimal primary and secondary immunity to Leishmania major. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10:e1004396.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2152_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00890-06","volume":"74","author":"LRV Antonelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Antonelli LRV, Dutra WO, Oliveira RR, Torres KCL, Guimar\u00e3es LH, Bacellar O, et al. Disparate immunoregulatory potentials for double-negative (CD4\u2212 CD8\u2212) \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells from human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infect Immun. 2006;74:6317\u201323.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2152_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954602","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/954602","volume":"2011","author":"NB Marshall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marshall NB, Swain SL. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in antiviral immunity. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:954602.","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"2152_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2012.02730.x","volume":"76","author":"TSL Keesen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keesen TSL, Gomes JAS, Fares RCG, de Ara\u00fajo FF, Ferreira KS, Chaves AT, et al. Characterization of CD4(+) cytotoxic lymphocytes and apoptosis markers induced by Trypanossoma cruzi infection. Scand J Immunol. 2012;76:311\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2152_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.06.004","volume":"101","author":"LRV Antonelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antonelli LRV, Dutra WO, Almeida RP, Bacellar O, Carvalho EM, Gollob KJ. Activated inflammatory T cells correlate with lesion size in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Immunol Lett. 2005;101:226\u201330.","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2152-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T11:40:42Z","timestamp":1692790842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2152-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2152-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"article-number":"219"}}