{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:19:18Z","timestamp":1790252358366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"World Bank African Centres of Excellence (ACE) Masters fellowship","award":["ACE02-WACCBIP: Awandare"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACE02-WACCBIP: Awandare"]}]},{"name":"Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Africa Award","award":["AA130045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA130045"]}]},{"name":"Royal Soceity Leverhulme Trust Award","award":["AA130045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA130045"]}]},{"name":"Cambridge-Africa Alborada research fund"},{"name":"Cambridge-Africa Alborada research fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2255-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]],"date-time":"2017-06-27T11:54:02Z","timestamp":1498564442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Soale Majeed","family":"Bakari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Afua","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo Asamoah","family":"Kusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Kwame","family":"Aning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon Akanzuwine","family":"Awandare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Carrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa Manful","family":"Gwira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2382","volume":"34","author":"H Auty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Auty H, Torr SJ, Michoel T, Jayaraman S, Morrison LJ. Cattle trypanosomosis: the diversity of trypanosomes and implications for disease epidemiology and control trypanosome species of relevance to cattle. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 2015;34:587\u201398.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz"},{"key":"2255_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.9.2.507","volume":"9","author":"VM Nantulya","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nantulya VM. Trypanosomiasis in domestic animals: the problems of diagnosis. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 1990;9:357\u201367.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz"},{"key":"2255_CR3","volume-title":"African animal trypanosomiasis: manual of tropical veterinary parasitology., english ed","author":"J Itard","year":"1989","unstructured":"Itard J. African animal trypanosomiasis: manual of tropical veterinary parasitology., english ed. Wallingford: CAB International; 1989."},{"key":"2255_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Os\u00f3rio ALAR, Madruga CR, Desquesnes M, Soares CO, Ribeiro LRR, Da Costa SCG. Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax: Its biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and introduction in the new world - a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000100001"},{"issue":"8","key":"2255_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3298","volume":"12","author":"E Pays","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pays E, Vanhollebeke B, Uzureau P, Lecordier L, P\u00e9rez-Morga D. The molecular arms race between African trypanosomes and humans. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2014;12(8):575\u201384.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2255_CR6","first-page":"29","volume":"4","author":"MI Takeet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takeet MI, Fagbemi BO. Haematological, pathological and plasma biochemical changes in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Sci World J. 2009;4:29\u201336.","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"2255_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.08.031","volume":"205","author":"S Dagnachew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dagnachew S, Terefe G, Abebe G, Barry DJ, Goddeeris BM. Comparative biochemical changes in young Zebu cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax from tsetse infested and non-tsetse infested areas of northwest Ethiopia. Vet Parasitol. 2014;205:451\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2255_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.012","volume":"190","author":"RC Ezeokonkwo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ezeokonkwo RC, Ezeh IO, Onunkwo JI, Onyenwe IW, Iheagwam CN, Agu WE. Comparative serum biochemical changes in mongrel dogs following single and mixed infections of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Vet Parasitol. 2012;190:56\u201361.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2255_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.07.008","volume":"190","author":"JN Omeje","year":"2012","unstructured":"Omeje JN, Anene BM. Comparative serum biochemical changes induced by experimental infection of T. brucei and T. congolense in pigs. Vet Parasitol. 2012;190:368\u201374.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2255_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4236\/ojvm.2013.31007","volume":"3","author":"TM Sanni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sanni TM, Onasanya GO, Adefenwa MA, Yakubu A, Ikeobi CON, Adebambo OA, et al. Molecular diagnosis of subclinical African Trypanosoma vivax infection and association with physiological indices and serum metabolites in extensively managed goats in the tropics. Open J Vet Med. 2013;3:39\u201345.","journal-title":"Open J Vet Med"},{"key":"2255_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.9734\/IJBCRR\/2014\/9962","volume":"4","author":"A Sow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sow A, Zabr\u00e9 M, Mouiche M, Kouamo J, Kalandi M, Bathily A, et al. Investigation of biochemical parameters in Burkinabese local small ruminants breed naturally infected with trypanosomosis. Int J Biochem Res Rev. 2014;4:666\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Res Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2255_CR12","first-page":"150","volume":"2","author":"RM Ngure","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ngure RM, Ndungu JM, Ngotho JM, Nancy MK, Maathai RG, Gateri LM. Biochemical changes in the plasma of vervet monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops) experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. J Cell Anim Biol. 2008;2(7):150\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cell Anim Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2255_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0321-6","volume":"39","author":"S Sivajothi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sivajothi S, Rayulu VC, Sudhakara BR. Haematological and biochemical changes in experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in rabbits. J Parasit Dis. 2015;39(2):216\u201320.","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"2255_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4236\/ojvm.2015.58025","volume":"5","author":"GO Onasanya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Onasanya GO, Oke FO, Sanni TM, Muhammad AI. Parameters influencing haematological, serum and bio-chemical references in livestock animals under different management systems. Open J Vet Med. 2015;5:181\u20139.","journal-title":"Open J Vet Med"},{"key":"2255_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/389153","volume":"2010","author":"TN Baral","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baral TN. Immunobiology of African trypanosomes: need of alternative interventions. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:1\u201324.","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"2255_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.3.387","volume":"69","author":"B Namangala","year":"2001","unstructured":"Namangala B, De Baetselier P, Noe W, Brys L, Beschin A, Biol JL. Alternative versus classical macrophage activation during experimental African trypanosomosis. J Leukoc Biol. 2001;69:387\u201396.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2255_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000200022","volume":"94","author":"KA Taylor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taylor KA, Mertens B. Immune response of cattle infected with African trypanosomes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1999;94:239\u201344.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2255_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00202.x","volume":"21","author":"JE Uzonna","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uzonna JE, Kaushik RS, Gordon JR, Tabel H. Cytokines and antibody responses during Trypanosoma congolense infections in two inbred mouse strains that differ in resistance. Parasite Immunol. 1999;21:57\u201371.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2255_CR19","volume":"9","author":"CD Kato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kato CD, Alibu VP, Nanteza A, Mugasa CM, Matovu E. Interleukin (IL) -6 and IL-10 are up regulated in late stage Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(6):e0003835.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2255_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-016-0113-5","volume":"12","author":"CD Kato","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kato CD, Matovu E, Mugasa CM, Nanteza A, Alibu VP. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and staging of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:4.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2255_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2005.03.014","volume":"111","author":"A Cox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cox A, Tilley A, Mcodimba F, Fyfe J, Eisler M, Hide GV, et al. A PCR based assay for detection and differentiation of African trypanosome species in blood. Exp Parasitol. 2005;111:24\u20139.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"2255_CR22","first-page":"10","volume":"7","author":"GA Mott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mott GA, Wilson R, Fernando A, Robinson A, MacGregor P, Kennedy D, et al. Targeting cattle-borne zoonoses and cattle pathogens using a novel trypanosomatid-based delivery system. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:10.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"2255_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.17221\/1580-VETMED","volume":"56","author":"NK Sood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sood NK, Singla LD, Singh RS, Uppal SK. Association of Trypanosoma theileri with peritonitis in a pregnant cross-bred cow: a case report. Vet Med. 2011;56(2):82\u20134.","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"2255_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.12.2050","volume":"46","author":"DR Dufour","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dufour DR, Lott JA, Nolte FS, Gretch DR, Koff RS, Seeff LB. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. II. Recommendations for use of laboratory tests in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring. Clin Chem. 2000;46:2050\u201368.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2255_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.27.3.707-713.1980","volume":"27","author":"DD Whitelaw","year":"1980","unstructured":"Whitelaw DD, Macaskill JA, Holmes PH, Francis W, Urquhart GM. Genetic resistance to Trypanosoma congolense infections in mice. Infect Immun. 1980;27:707\u201313.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2255_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.03.018","volume":"15","author":"SJ Migchelsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Migchelsen SJ, Buuscher P, Hoepelman AIM, Schallig HDFH, Adams ER. Human African trypanosomiasis: a review of non-endemic cases in the past 20 years. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15:e517\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2255_CR27","first-page":"67","volume":"70","author":"KB Kadima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kadima KB, Gyang EO, Saror DI, Esievo KAN. Serum biochemical values of Trypanosoma vivax -infected cattle and the effects of lactose in saline infusion. Vet Arh. 2000;70:67\u201374.","journal-title":"Vet Arh"},{"key":"2255_CR28","first-page":"15","volume":"3","author":"S Adamu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adamu S, Barde N, Abenga JN, Useh NM, Ibrahim NDG, Esievo KAN. Experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection-induced changes in the serum profiles of lipids and cholesterol and the clinical implications in pigs. J Cell Anim Biol. 2009;3:15\u201320.","journal-title":"J Cell Anim Biol"},{"key":"2255_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128775","volume":"10","author":"SJ Girling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Girling SJ, Campbell-Palmer R, Pizzi R, Fraser MA, Cracknell J, Arnemo J, et al. Haematology and serum biochemistry parameters and variations in the eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). PLoS One. 2015;10:1.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2255_CR30","first-page":"738","volume":"5","author":"HO Awobode","year":"2006","unstructured":"Awobode HO. The biochemical changes induced by natural human African trypanosome infections. African J Biotechnol. 2006;5:738\u201342.","journal-title":"African J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2255_CR31","first-page":"439","volume":"75","author":"FNC Enwezor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Enwezor FNC, Sackey KB. Camel trypanosomosis - a review. Vet Arch. 2005;75(5):439\u201352.","journal-title":"Vet Arch"},{"key":"2255_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2012-0018","volume":"23","author":"SA Oluyomi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oluyomi SA, Sulaiman FA. Biochemical and morphological changes in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats treated with homidum chloride and diminazene aceturate. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2012;23:179\u201383.","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2255_CR33","first-page":"187","volume":"4","author":"JN Abenga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abenga JN, Anosa VO. Serum total proteins and creatinine levels in experimental gambian trypanosomosis of vervet monkeys. African J Biotechnol. 2005;4(2):187\u201390.","journal-title":"African J Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2255_CR34","first-page":"315","volume":"44","author":"T Traore-Leroux","year":"1987","unstructured":"Traore-Leroux T, Fumoux F, Pinder M. High density lipoprotein levels in the serum of trypanosensitive and trypanoresistant cattle. Changes during Trypanosoma congolense infection. Acta Trop. 1987;44(3):315\u201323.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"2255_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90024-4","volume":"45","author":"E Katunguka-Rwakishaya","year":"1992","unstructured":"Katunguka-Rwakishaya E, Murray M, Holmes PH. The pathophysiology of ovine trypanosomosis: haematological and blood biochemical changes. Vet Parasitol. 1992;45(2):17\u201332.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2255_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.10.008","volume":"93","author":"D Faye","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faye D, Fall A, Leak S, Losson B, Geerts S. Influence of an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection and plane of nutrition on milk production and some biochemical parameters in West African dwarf goats. Acta Trop. 2005;93(3):247\u201357.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"2255_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.3128-3132.1999","volume":"67","author":"S Magez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magez S, Radwanska M, Beschin A, Sekikawa K, De Baetselier P. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a key mediator in the regulation of experimental Trypanosoma brucei infections. Infect Immun. 1999;67(6):3128\u201332.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2255_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Namangala B, Noe W, Baetselier P De, Brys L, Beschin A. Relative contribution of interferon- g and interleukin-10 to resistance to murine African trypanosomosis. J Infect Dis 2001;183:1794\u20131800.","DOI":"10.1086\/320731"},{"key":"2255_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1086\/599792","volume":"200","author":"I Okwor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okwor I, Muleme H, Jia P, Uzonna JE. Altered proinflammatory cytokine production and enhanced resistance to Trypanosoma congolense infection in lymphotoxin \u03b2-deficient mice. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:361\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2255_CR40","first-page":"71","volume":"29","author":"W Ouyang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ouyang W, Rutz S, Crellin KN, Valdez AP, Hymowitz SG. Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease. Annu Rev Genet. 2011;29:71\u2013109.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"2255_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09439-7","volume":"351","author":"JA Kurtzhals","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kurtzhals JA, Adabayeri V, Goka BQ, Akanmori BD, Oliver-Commey JO, Nkrumah FK, et al. low plasma concentrations of interleukin 10 in severe malarial anaemia compared with cerebral and uncomplicated malaria. Lancet. 1998;351:1768\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2255_CR42","volume":"9","author":"GR Sousa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sousa GR, Gomes JA, Fares RC, Damasio MP, Chaves AT, Ferreira KS, et al. Plasma cytokine expression is associated with cardiac morbidity in chagas disease. PLoS One. 2014;9:e87082.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2255_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000252832","volume":"19","author":"SS Uppal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uppal SS, Raghupathy R, Hayat SJ, Longenecker JC, Abraham M, Rawoot P. Disease activity and cytokine production in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Med Princ Pract. 2010;19:33\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"2255_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-95","volume":"12","author":"C Oreja-Guevara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oreja-Guevara C, Ramos-Cejudo J, Aroeira LS, Chamorro B, Diez-Tejedor E. TH1\/TH2 cytokine profile in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with glatiramer acetate or natalizumab. BMC Neurol. 2012;12:95.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2255_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90092-P","volume":"54","author":"AS Peregrine","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peregrine AS, Mamman M. Pharmacology of diminazene: a review. Acta Trop. 1993;54(3\u20134):185\u2013203.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2255_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00159-07","volume":"51","author":"B Greenhouse","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greenhouse B, Dokomajilar C, Hubbard A, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G. Impact of transmission intensity on the accuracy of genotyping to distinguish recrudescence from new infection in antimalarial clinical trials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3096\u2013103.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"2255_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048696","volume":"7","author":"S Kuriakose","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuriakose S, Muleme HM, Onyilagha C, Singh R, Jia P, Uzonna JE. Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) modulates the host cellular and inflammatory responses to Trypanosoma congolense ionfection. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48696.","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2255-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:48:38Z","timestamp":1719276518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2255-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2255-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,27]]},"article-number":"312"}}