{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:45:29Z","timestamp":1790088329238,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2444-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T04:11:48Z","timestamp":1510200708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Heat treatment and false-positive heartworm antigen testing in ex vivo parasites and dogs naturally infected by Dirofilaria repens and Angiostrongylus vasorum"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Venco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Manzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Genchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3-4","key":"2444_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.11.050","volume":"177","author":"AC Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee AC, Bowman DD, Lucio-Forster A, Beall MJ, Liotta JL, Dillon R. Evaluation of a new in-clinic method for the detection of canine heartworm antigen. Vet Parasitol. 2011;177(3-4):387\u201391.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2444_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1221","volume":"222","author":"CE Atkins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Atkins CE. Comparison of results of three commercial heartworm antigen test kits in dogs with low heartworm burdens. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003;222(9):1221\u20133.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2444_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00374-0","volume":"96","author":"CH Courtney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Courtney CH, Zeng Q. Comparison of heartworm antigen test kit performance in dogs having low heartworm burdens. Vet Parasitol. 2001;96(4):317\u201322.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2444_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-258","volume":"5","author":"M Schnyder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schnyder M, Deplazes P. Cross-reactions of sera from dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum in commercially available Dirofilaria immitis test kits. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:258.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2444_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.010","volume":"211","author":"I Aroch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aroch I, Rojas A, Slon P, Lavy E, Segev G, Baneth G. Serological cross-reactivity of three commercial in-house immunoassays for detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigens with Spirocerca lupi in dogs with benign esophageal spirocercosis. Vet Parasitol. 2015;211(3-4):303\u20135.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2444_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.11.2289","volume":"45","author":"JM Gillis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gillis JM, Smith RD, Todd KS Jr. Diagnostic criteria for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for occult heartworm disease: standardization of the test system in naturally exposed dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1984;45(11):2289\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2444_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krucik DD, Van Bonn W, Johnson SP. Association between positive canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen results and presence of Acanthocheilonema odendhali microfilaria in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2016;47(1):25-28.","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0116.1"},{"issue":"4","key":"2444_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12092","volume":"27","author":"BW Rohrbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rohrbach BW, Patton S. Effects of diagnostic test accuracy and treatment efficacy on the occurrence of suspected failure of heartworm prophylaxis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2013;27(4):791\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2444_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.01.007","volume":"203","author":"SE Little","year":"2014","unstructured":"Little SE, Munzing C, Heise SR, Allen KE, Starkey LA, Johnson EM, et al. Pre-treatment with heat facilitates detection of antigen of Dirofilaria immitis in canine samples. Vet Parasitol. 2014;203(1-2):250\u20132.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2444_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-1","volume":"13","author":"SE Little","year":"2014","unstructured":"Little SE, Raymond MR, Thomas JE, Gruntmeir J, Hostetler JA, Meinkoth JH, et al. Heat treatment prior to testing allows detection of antigen of Dirofilaria immitis in feline serum. Parasit Vectors. 2014;13(7):1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2444_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.03.021","volume":"206","author":"L Velasquez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Velasquez L, Blagburn BL, Duncan-Decoq R, Johnson EM, Allen KE, Meinkoth J, et al. Increased prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in canine samples after heat treatment. Vet Parasitol. 2014;206(1-2):67\u201370.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2444_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.05.032","volume":"225","author":"L Ciuc\u0103","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ciuc\u0103 L, Genchi M, Kramer L, Mangia C, Miron LD, Prete LD, et al. Heat treatment of serum samples from stray dogs naturally exposed to Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in Romania. Vet Parasitol. 2016;225:81\u20135.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2444_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2011.00315.x","volume":"40","author":"HN Erb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erb HN. Prior probability (the pretest best guess) affects predictive values of diagnostic tests. Vet Clin Pathol. 2011;40(2):154\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2444_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.259","volume":"65","author":"N Arita","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arita N, Yamane I, Takemura N. Comparison of canine heartworm removal rates using flexible alligator forceps guided by transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy. J Vet Med Sci. 2003;65(2):259\u201361.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2444_CR15","first-page":"217","volume":"9","author":"L Venco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Venco L, Valenti V, Bertazzolo W, Genchi M, Grandi G. A mini-invasive procedure for removal of adult Dirofilaria repens from subcutaneous nodules in dogs. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med. 2011;9(2):217\u201323.","journal-title":"Intern J Appl Res Vet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2444_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.002","volume":"38","author":"C Bazzocchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bazzocchi C, Mortarino M, Grandi G, Kramer LH, Genchi C, Bandi C, et al. Combined ivermectin and doxycycline treatment has microfilaricidal and adulticidal activity against Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected dogs. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38(12):1401\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2444_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2002.40.4.195","volume":"40","author":"KH Song","year":"2002","unstructured":"Song KH, Hayasaki M, Cho KW, Lee SE, Kim DH. Cross-reactivity between sera from dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis and crude extract of Toxocara canis. Korean J Parasitol. 2002;40(4):195\u20138.","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2444-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T19:13:16Z","timestamp":1750965196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2444-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2444-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"article-number":"476"}}