{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:21:03Z","timestamp":1790277663231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Kymenlaakso Central Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2499-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T07:10:35Z","timestamp":1510297835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Dirofilaria repens transmission in southeastern Finland"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Risto","family":"Pietik\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Nordling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakari","family":"Jokiranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Saari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Kerttula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Kantanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nikanorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sauli","family":"Laaksonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Lavikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2499_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2007;82:361\u201380."},{"key":"2499_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laaksonen S, Kuusela J, Nikander S, Nylund M, Oksanen A. Outbreak of parasitic peritonitis in reindeer in Finland. Vet Rec. 2007;160:835\u201341.","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.24.835"},{"key":"2499_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-3","volume":"2","author":"S Laaksonen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laaksonen S, Solismaa M, Kortet R, Kuusela J, Oksanen A. Vectors and transmission dynamics for Setaria tundra (Filarioidea; Onchocercidae), a parasite of reindeer in Finland. Parasit Vectors. 2009;2:3.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2499_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-840-7_5","volume-title":"Game meat hygiene: food safety and security","author":"S Laaksonen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laaksonen S, Oksanen A, Kutz S, Jokelainen P, Holma-Suutari A, Hoberg E. Filarioid nematodes, threat to arctic food safety and security - bioinvasion of vector-borne filarioid nematodes in the arctic and boreal ecosystems. In: Paulsen P, Bauer A, Smulders FJM, editors. Game meat hygiene: food safety and security. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers; 2017. p. 101\u201320."},{"key":"2499_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-50-20","volume":"50","author":"M Solismaa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Solismaa M, Laaksonen S, Nylund M, Pitk\u00e4nen E, Airakorpi R, Oksanen A. Filarioid nematodes in cattle, sheep and horses in Finland. Acta Vet Scand. 2008;50:20.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"2499_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2269-3","volume":"10","author":"AM Ionic\u0103","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ionic\u0103 AM, Matei IA, D'Amico G, Ababii J, Daskalaki AA, S\u00e1ndor AD, et al. Filarioid infections in wild carnivores: a multispecies survey in Romania. Parasit. Vectors. 2017;10:332.","journal-title":"Vectors"},{"key":"2499_CR7","first-page":"40","volume":"8","author":"MT Manfredi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manfredi MT, DiCerbo A, Genchi M. Biology of filarial worms parasitizing dogs and cats. Mappe Parassitologiche. 2007;8:40\u20135.","journal-title":"Mappe Parassitologiche"},{"key":"2499_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.012","volume":"176","author":"C Genchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Genchi C, Mortarino M, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Traldi G, Genchi M. Changing climate and changing vector-borne disease distribution: the example of Dirofilaria in Europe. Vet Parasitol. 2011;176:295\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2499_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3431-2","volume":"112","author":"R Sassnau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sassnau R, Genchi C. Qualitative risk assessment for the endemisation of Dirofilaria repens in the state of Brandenburg (Germany) based on temperature-dependent vector competence. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:2647\u201352.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2499_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-274-0","volume-title":"Parasitology in veterinary medicine","author":"P Deplazes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deplazes P, Eckert J, Mathis A, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Zahner H. Parasitology in veterinary medicine. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers; 2016."},{"key":"2499_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.026","volume":"163","author":"C Genchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Genchi C, Rinaldi L, Mortarino M, Genchi M, Cringoli G. Climate and Dirofilaria infection in Europe. Vet Parasitol. 2009;163:286\u201392.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2499_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.02.003","volume":"209","author":"N Ledesma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ledesma N, Harrington L. Fine-scale temperature fluctuation and modulation of Dirofilaria immitis larval development in Aedes aegypti. Vet Parasitol. 2015;209:93\u2013100.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2499_CR13","first-page":"231","volume":"42","author":"S Pampiglione","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pampiglione S, Rivasi F. Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens: an update of world literature from 1995 to 2000. Parassitologia. 2000;42:231\u201354.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"2499_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12","volume":"25","author":"F Sim\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3n F, Siles-Lucas M, Morch\u00f3n R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carret\u00f3n E, Montoya-Alonso JA. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25:507\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2499_CR15","volume-title":"Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals","author":"EJL Soulsby","year":"1982","unstructured":"Soulsby EJL. Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1982.","edition":"7"},{"key":"2499_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3970-1","volume":"113","author":"R Sassnau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sassnau R, Czajka C, Kronefeld M, Werner D, Genchi C, Tannich E, et al. Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis DNA findings in mosquitoes in Germany: temperature data allow autochthonous extrinsic development. Parasitol Res. 2014;113:3057\u201361.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2499_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1505-3","volume":"16","author":"J Mat\u011bj\u016f","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mat\u011bj\u016f J, Chanov\u00e1 M, Modr\u00fd D, Mitkov\u00e1 B, Hrazdilov\u00e1 K, \u017dampachov\u00e1 V, et al. Dirofilaria repens: emergence of autochthonous human infections in the Czech Republic (case reports). BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:171.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2499_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuehrer HP, Auer H, Leschnik M, Silbermayr K, Duscher G, Joachim A. Dirofilaria in humans, dogs, and vectors in Austria (1978\u20132014) - from imported pathogens to the endemicity of Dirofilaria repens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(5):e0004547.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004547"},{"key":"2499_CR19","unstructured":"ESCCAP. Control of vector-borne diseases in dogs and cats. ESCCAP Guideline 5. 2nd ed. Published in October 2012. http:\/\/www.esccap.org\/uploads\/docs\/ih38c2d6_ESCCAP_Guidelines_GL5_01Oct2012.pdf ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2499_CR20","first-page":"30","volume":"79","author":"A Jankauskait\u0117","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jankauskait\u0117 A, Pockevi\u010dius A, Petkevi\u010dius S. Roundworms in dogs subcutaneous tissue in Lithuania - The first case. Vet Info. 2011;79(5):30\u20131. (In Lithuanian).","journal-title":"Vet Info"},{"key":"2499_CR21","unstructured":"Stepanjana L, Cirule D, Kirjusina M. Occurence of Dirofilaria spp. in dogs in Latvia (2008\u20132011). Proceedings of conference on \"Current events in veterinary research and practice\", Jelgava, Latvia, November 2012. 2012;22\u201323(2012):148\u201352."},{"key":"2499_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2478\/v10163-012-0037-1","volume":"11","author":"I Melbarde-Gorkusa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melbarde-Gorkusa I, Abolins A, Strumfa I, Martinsons A, Gardovskis J. Human dirofilariasis in Latvia - the first case in surgical practice. Acta Chirurgica Latviensis. 2011;11:172\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Chirurgica Latviensis"},{"key":"2499_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1833","volume":"16","author":"P Jokelainen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jokelainen P, M\u00f5tsk\u00fcla PF, Heikkinen P, \u00dclevaino E, Oksanen A, Lassen B. Dirofilaria repens microfilaremia in three dogs in Estonia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016;16:136\u20138.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2499_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.008","volume":"23","author":"LA Ermakova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ermakova LA, Nagorny SA, Krivorotova EY, Pshenichnaya NY, Matina ON. Dirofilaria repens in the Russian Federation: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment from a federal reference center perspective. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;23:47\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2499_CR25","first-page":"108","volume":"3","author":"SV Barashkova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barashkova SV. Case of dirofilariasis in adolescent in Saint-Petersburg: clinical and morphological characteristics. \u017durnal Infektologii (Journal Infectology). 2011;3(3):108\u201310. (In Russian).","journal-title":"\u017durnal Infektologii (Journal Infectology)"},{"key":"2499_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zumbulidze NG, Kasimov FO, Yarovoy DA, Gavrilova EP. Ocular dirofilariasis: two case reports. Ophthalm J. 2016;9(1):83\u20139. (In Russian).","DOI":"10.17816\/OV9183-89"},{"key":"2499_CR27","unstructured":"Nazarenko MY. [Clinical case of domestic dirofilariasis in child.] J Human Ecol. 2000;2:133\u2013134 (In Russian)."},{"key":"2499_CR28","unstructured":"Kolesova GG, Reshetnikov AD, Sleptsov ES, Barashkova AI. Dirofilariosis of carnivorous in Yakutia, the method of isolation filarial larvae from the blood of dogs. Russian J Parasitologists. 2013;(3):87\u201391. (In Russian)."},{"key":"2499_CR29","unstructured":"Evira, Finnish Food Safety Authority. [New parasitic infection in a dog imported to Finland.] 2014. https:\/\/www.evira.fi\/elaimet\/elainten-terveys-ja-elaintaudit\/elaintaudit\/lemmikkielaimet\/koirat\/koirien-maahantuontiin-liittyvat-riskit\/dirofilaria-repens\/ . (In Finnish)."},{"key":"2499_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1139\/z80-261","volume":"58","author":"EM Addison","year":"1980","unstructured":"Addison EM. Transmission of Dirofilaria ursi Yamaguti, 1941 (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) of black bears (Ursus americanus) by blackflies (Simuliidae). Can J Zool. 1980;58:1913\u201322.","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"2499_CR31","unstructured":"Pampiglione S, Canestri Trotti G, Rivasi F. Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria(Nochtiella)repens: a review of world literature. Parassitologia. 1995;37:149\u201393."},{"key":"2499_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01099.x","volume":"38","author":"S Pampiglione","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pampiglione S, Rivasi F, Angeli G, Boldorini R, Incensati RM, Pastormerlo M, et al. Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Italy, an emergent zoonosis: report of 60 new cases. Histopathology. 2001;38:344\u201354.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2499_CR33","volume-title":"Bench aid for the diagnosis of filarial infections","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1997","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Bench aid for the diagnosis of filarial infections. Geneva: WHO; 1997."},{"key":"2499_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2208.1","volume":"96","author":"ML Michalski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michalski ML, Bain O, Fischer K, Fischer PU, Kumar S, Foster JM. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Dirofilaria ursi (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Wisconsin black bears (Ursus americanus) and its Wolbachia endosymbiont. J Parasitol. 2010;96:412\u20139.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2499_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1645\/12-10.1","volume":"99","author":"JL Liotta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liotta JL, Sandhu GK, Rishniw M, Bowman DD. Differentiation of the microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in stained blood films. J Parasitol. 2013;99:421\u20135.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2499_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magnis J, Lorentz S, Guardone L, Grimm F, Magi M, Naucke TJ, Deplazes P. Morphometric analyses of canine blood microfilariae isolated by the Knott's test enables Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens species-specific and Acanthocheilonema (syn. Dipetalonema) genus-specific diagnosis. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:48.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-48"},{"key":"2499_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007149","volume":"122","author":"M Casiraghi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casiraghi M, Anderson TJ, Bandi C, Bazzocchi C, Genchi CA. Phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts. Parasitology. 2001;122:93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2499_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.10.004","volume":"34","author":"M Casiraghi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Casiraghi M, Bain O, Guerrero R, Martin C, Pocacqua V, Gardner SL, et al. Mapping the presence of Wolbachia pipientis on the phylogeny of filarial nematodes: evidence for symbiont loss during evolution. Int J Parasitol. 2000;34:191\u2013203.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"2499_CR39","first-page":"113","volume":"8","author":"AS Damle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Damle AS, Iravane Bajaj JA, Khaparkhuntikar MN, Maher GT, Patil RV. Microfilaria in human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a case report. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:113\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"2499_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-010-0308-z","volume":"7","author":"S Laaksonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laaksonen S, Pusenius J, Kumpula J, Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen A, Kortet R, Oksanen A, et al. Climate change promotes the emergence of serious disease outbreaks of filarioid nematodes. EcoHealth. 2010;7:7\u201313.","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"2499_CR41","first-page":"223","volume":"104","author":"B Hocking","year":"1953","unstructured":"Hocking B. The intrinsic range and speed of flight of insects. Trans R Ent Soc Lond. 1953;104:223\u2013345.","journal-title":"Trans R Ent Soc Lond"},{"key":"2499_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.limno.2013.11.002","volume":"45","author":"PFM Verdonschot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verdonschot PFM, Besse-Lototskaya AA. Flight distance of mosquitoes (Culicidae): a metadata analysis to support the management of barrier zones around rewetted and newly constructed wetlands. Limnologica. 2014;45:69\u201379.","journal-title":"Limnologica"},{"key":"2499_CR43","first-page":"435","volume":"12","author":"J Medlock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medlock J, Hansford KM, Schaffner F, Versteirt V, Hendrickx G, Zeller H, et al. A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. Vector-borne zoon. Dis. 2012;12:435\u201347.","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"2499_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orihel TC, Eberhard ML. Zoonotic filariasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11:366\u201381.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.366"},{"key":"2499_CR45","first-page":"325","volume":"70","author":"JRM Innes","year":"1953","unstructured":"Innes JRM, Shoho C. Cerebrospinal nematodiasis. Focal encephalomyelomalacia of animals caused by nematodes (Setaria digitata): a disease which may occur in man. Arch Neurol Physch. 1953;70:325\u201349.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Physch"},{"key":"2499_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530270057032","volume":"275","author":"JA Patz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Patz JA, Epstein PR, Burke TA, Balbus JM. Global climate change and emerging infectious diseases. JAMA. 1996;275:217\u201323.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2499_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/44.2.109","volume":"44","author":"SJ Kutz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kutz SJ, Hoberg EP, Nagy J, Polley L, Elkin B. \u201cEmerging\u201d parasitic infections in arctic ungulates. Integr Comp Biol. 2004;44:109\u201318.","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2499-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]],"date-time":"2019-10-05T20:05:09Z","timestamp":1570305909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2499-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2499-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"article-number":"561"}}