{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:46:12Z","timestamp":1791999972867,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2012-32498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2012-32498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2015-68477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2015-68477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bayer Animal Health","award":["not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2724-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T16:30:05Z","timestamp":1520267405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Baxarias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Montserrat-Sangr\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ordeix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaarit","family":"Nachum-Biala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gad","family":"Baneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8479-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laia","family":"Solano-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2724_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2088-x","volume":"16","author":"V Petrella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petrella V, Aceto S, Musacchia F, Colonna V, Robinson M, Benes V, et al. De novo assembly and sex-specific transcriptome profiling in the sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera, Phlebotominae), a major old world vector of Leishmania infantum. BMC Genomics. 2015;16:847.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2724_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001","volume":"24","author":"G Baneth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baneth G, Koutinas AF, Solano-Gallego L, Bourdeau P, Ferrer L. Canine leishmaniosis - new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part one. Trends Parasitol. 2008;24:324\u201330.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Morell P, Arboix M, Alberola J, Ferrer L. Prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an area of canine leishmaniasis endemicity using PCR on several tissues and serology. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:560\u20133.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.560-563.2001"},{"key":"2724_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.022","volume":"165","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Koutinas A, Mir\u00f3 G, Cardoso L, Pennisi MG, Ferrer L, et al. Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol. 2009;165:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-1723-2013","volume":"47","author":"MF Zanette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zanette MF, Lima VM, Laurenti MD, Rossi CN, Vides JP, Vieira RF, et al. Serological cross-reactivity of Trypanosoma cruzi, Ehrlichia canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Babesia canis to Leishmania infantum chagasi tests in dogs. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014;47:105\u20137.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"2724_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.12.023","volume":"208","author":"MG Pennisi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pennisi MG. Leishmaniosis of companion animals in Europe: an update. Vet Parasitol. 2015;208:35\u201347.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR7","unstructured":"Roura X, Breitschwerdt E, Lloret A, Ferrer L, Hegarty B. Serological evidence of exposure to Rickettsia, Bartonella and Ehrlichia species in healthy or Leishmania infantum-infected dogs from Barcelona, Spain. J Appl Res Vet Med. 2005;3:129\u201337."},{"key":"2724_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005054","volume":"37","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Llull J, Osso M, Hegarty B, Breitschwerdt E. A serological study of exposure to arthropod-borne pathogens in dogs from northeastern Spain. Vet Res. 2006;37:231\u201344.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2724_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0277","volume":"8","author":"I Amusategui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amusategui I, Tesouro MA, Kakoma I, Sainz A. Serological reactivity to Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neorickettsia risticii, Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsia conorii in dogs from northwestern Spain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008;8:797\u2013803.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"2724_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.4.112","volume":"164","author":"MD Tabar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tabar MD, Francino O, Altet L, S\u00e1nchez A, Ferrer L, Roura X. PCR survey of vector-borne pathogens in dogs living in and around Barcelona, an area endemic for leishmaniosis. Vet Rec. 2009;164:112\u20136.","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"2724_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0063","volume":"10","author":"CG Couto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Couto CG, Lorentzen L, Beall MJ, Shields J, Bertolone N, Couto JI, et al. Serological study of selected vector-borne diseases in shelter dogs in central Spain using point-of-care assays. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010;10:885\u20138.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"2724_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-117","volume":"6","author":"G Mir\u00f3","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mir\u00f3 G, Montoya A, Roura X, G\u00e1lvez R, Sainz A. Seropositivity rates for agents of canine vector-borne diseases in Spain: a multicentre study. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:117.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02158.x","volume":"15","author":"A Ortu\u00f1o","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ortu\u00f1o A, Pons I, Nogueras MM, Castell\u00e0 J, Segura F. The dog as an epidemiological marker of Rickettsia conorii infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:241\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2724_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816000261","volume":"144","author":"E Espejo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Espejo E, Andr\u00e9s M, P\u00e9rez J, Prat J, Guerrero C, Mu\u00f1oz MT, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia conorii in human beings and dogs from Catalonia: a 20-year perspective. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144:1889\u201394.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2724_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.028","volume":"163","author":"F Beugnet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beugnet F, Mari\u00e9 JL. Emerging arthropod-borne diseases of companion animals in Europe. Vet Parasitol. 2009;163:298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.07.004","volume":"40","author":"SE Little","year":"2010","unstructured":"Little SE. Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2010;40:1121\u201340.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2724_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.03.040","volume":"179","author":"B Chomel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chomel B. Tick-borne infections in dogs - an emerging infectious threat. Vet Parasitol. 2011;179:294\u2013301.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.003","volume":"28","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a one health perspective. Trends Parasitol. 2012;28:437\u201346.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0824-3","volume":"8","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2015","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Capr\u00ec A, Pennisi MG, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Trotta M. Acute febrile illness is associated with Rickettsia spp infection in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:216.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.016","volume":"167","author":"B Doudier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Doudier B, Olano J, Parola P, Brouqui P. Factors contributing to emergence of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. as human pathogens. Vet Parasitol. 2010;167:149\u201354.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regier Y, O'Rourke F, Kempf VA. Bartonella spp. - a chance to establish one health concepts in veterinary and human medicine. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:261.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1546-x"},{"key":"2724_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2299-x","volume":"10","author":"JA Montoya-Alonso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montoya-Alonso JA, Morch\u00f3n R, Falc\u00f3n-Cord\u00f3n Y, Falc\u00f3n-Cord\u00f3n S, Sim\u00f3n F, Carret\u00f3n E. Prevalence of heartworm in dogs and cats of Madrid, Spain. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:354.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.025","volume":"212","author":"JA Montoya-Alonso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Montoya-Alonso JA, Carret\u00f3n E, Sim\u00f3n L, Gonz\u00e1lez-Miguel J, Garc\u00eda-Guasch L, Morch\u00f3n R, et al. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Barcelona: validation of a geospatial prediction model. Vet Parasitol. 2015;212:456\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12","volume":"25","author":"F Sim\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3n F, Siles-Lucas M, Morch\u00f3n R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carret\u00f3n E, et al. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25:507\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2724_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1306","volume":"223","author":"AD Tuttle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tuttle AD, Birkenheuer AJ, Juopperi T, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Concurrent bartonellosis and babesiosis in a dog with persistent thrombocytopenia. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003;223:1306\u201310.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2724_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-97","volume":"6","author":"AS De Tommasi","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Tommasi AS, Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Capelli G, Breitschwerdt EB, de Caprariis D. Are vector-borne pathogen co-infections complicating the clinical presentation in dogs? Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:97.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.12.013","volume":"208","author":"G Baneth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baneth G, Harrus S, Gal A, Aroch I. Canine vector-borne co-infections: Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in the same host monocytes. Vet Parasitol. 2015;208:30\u20134.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00114-0","volume":"106","author":"G Cringoli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, Capuano F, Baldi L, Veneziano V, Capelli G. Serological survey of Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum co-infection in dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2002;106:307\u201313.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1645\/15-821","volume":"102","author":"CB Cardinot","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cardinot CB, Silva JE, Yamatogi RS, Nunes CM, Biondo AW, Vieira RF, et al. Detection of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli and Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the brain of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. J Parasitol. 2016;102:275\u20139.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02150.x","volume":"15","author":"Y Mekuzas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mekuzas Y, Gradoni L, Oliva G, Foglia Manzillo V, Baneth G. Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum co-infection: a 3-year longitudinal study in naturally exposed dogs. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:30\u20131.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2724_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.08.035","volume":"174","author":"ME Mylonakis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mylonakis ME, Soubasis N, Balakrishnan N, Theodorou K, Kasabalis D, Saridomichelakis M, et al. Molecular identification of Bartonella species in dogs with leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum) with or without cytological evidence of arthritis. Vet Microbiol. 2014;174:272\u20135.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2724_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.10.011","volume":"117","author":"A Mel\u00e9ndez-Lazo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Lazo A, Ordeix L, Planellas M, Pastor J, Solano-Gallego L. Clinicopathological findings in sick dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum: comparison of five different clinical classification systems. Res Vet Sci. 2017;117:18\u201327.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2724_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1519-0","volume":"9","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2016","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Di Filippo L, Ordeix L, Planellas M, Roura X, Altet L, et al. Early reduction of Leishmania infantum-specific antibodies and blood parasitemia during treatment in dogs with moderate or severe disease. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:235.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1598-y","volume":"9","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2016","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Montserrat-Sangr\u00e0 S, Ordeix L, Mart\u00ednez-Orellana P. Leishmania infantum-specific production of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10 in stimulated blood from dogs with clinical leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:317.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.09.005","volume":"228","author":"S Montserrat-Sangr\u00e0","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montserrat-Sangr\u00e0 S, Alborch L, Ordeix L, Solano-Gallego L. TLR-2 and TLR-4 transcriptions in unstimulated blood from dogs with leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up treatment. Vet Parasitol. 2016;228:172\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peleg O, Baneth G, Eyal O, Inbar J, Harrus S. Multiplex real-time qPCR for the detection of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia canis vogeli. Vet Parasitol. 2010;173:292\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.06.039"},{"key":"2724_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90243-8","volume":"94","author":"P Parola","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parola P, Roux V, Camicas JL, Baradji I, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Detection of ehrlichiae in African ticks by polymerase chain reaction. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000;94:707\u20138.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2724_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.10.019","volume":"151","author":"MD Tabar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tabar MD, Altet L, Francino O, S\u00e1nchez A, Ferrer L, Roura X. Vector-borne infections in cats: molecular study in Barcelona area (Spain). Vet Parasitol. 2008;151:332\u20136.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00045-4","volume":"67","author":"AS Olmeda","year":"1997","unstructured":"Olmeda AS, Armstrong PM, Rosenthal BM, Valladares B, del Castillo A, de Armas F, et al. Short report: a subtropical case of human babesiosis. Acta Trop. 1997;67:229\u201334.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2724_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0783-8","volume":"8","author":"A Rojas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rojas A, Rojas D, Montenegro VM, Baneth G. Detection of Dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an HRM real-time qPCR, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from Costa Rica. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:170.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.0971","volume":"13","author":"S Wongkamchai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wongkamchai S, Monkong N, Mahannol P, Taweethavonsawat P, Loymak S, Foongladda S. Rapid detection and identification of Brugia malayi, B. pahangi, and Dirofilaria immitis by high-resolution melting assay. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013;13:31\u20136.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2724_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000336","volume":"144","author":"J Rose","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rose J, Nachum-Biala Y, Mumcuoglu KY, Alkhamis MA, Ben-Nun A, Lensky I, et al. Genetic characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in questing ixodid ticks collected in Israel and environmental risk factors for their infection. Parasitology. 2017;144:1088\u2013101.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2724_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12041","volume":"54","author":"MD Tabar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabar MD, Altet L, Mart\u00ednez V, Roura X. Wolbachia, filariae and Leishmania coinfection in dogs from a Mediterranean area. J Small Anim Pract. 2013;54:174\u20138.","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2724_CR44","unstructured":"Toepp A, Larson M, Grinnage-Pulley T, Lima A, Bennett C, Wilson G, et al. Co-infection with tick-borne diseases causes clinical progression of leishmaniosis in dogs. 6th World Congress on Leishmaniasis, 16\u201320 May, Toledo, Spain; 2017. p. 979.\u00a0"},{"key":"2724_CR45","unstructured":"Estevez JO, Nevor MC, Russo PD, Chandrashekar R, Tyrrell P, Saucier J, et al. Association of tick-borne co-infections with severity of canine visceral leishmaniosis in dogs from northeastern Argentina. 6th World Congress on Leishmaniasis, 16\u201320 May, Toledo, Spain; 2017. p. 955."},{"key":"2724_CR46","unstructured":"Lima AL, Toepp A, Larson M, Grinnage-Pulley T, Bennett C, Wilson G, et al. Is canine ehrlichiosis causing progression of clinical leishmaniosis in dogs? Toledo: 6th World Congress on Leishmaniasis; 2017. p. 959."},{"key":"2724_CR47","unstructured":"Rodriguez S\u00e1nchez A, Rodriguez Valinotti MF, Chandrashekar R, Leutenegger CM, Estrada M, Tyrrell P, et al. Survey of vector-borne comorbidities in Leishmania-endemic canine population from Paraguay. Toledo: 6th World Congress on Leishmaniasis; 2017. p. 1309."},{"key":"2724_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004034","volume":"35","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2004","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Bradley J, Hegarty B, Sigmon B, Breitschwerdt E. Bartonella henselae IgG antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern USA. Vet Res. 2004;35:585\u201395.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2724_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2006.00883.x","volume":"53","author":"L Cortese","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cortese L, Pelagalli A, Piantedosi D, Mastellone V, Manco A, Lombardi P, et al. Platelet aggregation and haemostatic response in dogs naturally co-infected by Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2006;53:546\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med"},{"key":"2724_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.14.433","volume":"164","author":"L Cortese","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cortese L, Pelagalli A, Piantedosi D, Cestaro A, Di Loria A, Lombardi P, et al. Effects of therapy on haemostasis in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum, Ehrlichia canis, or both combined. Vet Rec. 2009;164:433\u20134.","journal-title":"Vet Rec."},{"key":"2724_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.03.015","volume":"188","author":"L Cortese","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cortese L, Terrazzano G, Piantedosi D, Sica M, Prisco M, Ruggiero G, et al. Prevalence of anti-platelet antibodies in dogs naturally co-infected by Leishmania infantum and Ehrlichia canis. Vet J. 2011;188:118\u201321.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2724_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0180.x","volume":"22","author":"B Kohn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohn B, Galke D, Beelitz P, Pfister K. Clinical features of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in 18 naturally infected dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:1289\u201395.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2724_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12090","volume":"42","author":"S Al Izzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al Izzi S, Martin DS, Chan RY, Leutenegger CM. Babesia canis vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma platys infection in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol. 2013;42:471\u20135.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2724_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dondi F, Russo S, Agnoli C, Mengoli N, Balboni A, Alberti A, et al. Clinicopathological and molecular findings in a case of canine Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in northern Italy. Sci World J. 2014;2014","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/810587"},{"key":"2724_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.07.004","volume":"7","author":"T Bouzouraa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bouzouraa T, Ren\u00e9-Martellet M, Ch\u00eane J, Attipa C, Lebert I, Chalvet-Monfray K, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of canine Anaplasma platys infection in 32 naturally infected dogs in the Mediterranean basin. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2016;7:1256\u201364.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2724_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.10.024","volume":"113","author":"D Escribano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Escribano D, Cihan H, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Levent P, Kocaturk M, Aytug N, et al. Changes in serum proteins in dogs with Ehrlichia canis infection. Microb Pathog. 2017;113:34\u20139.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2724_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12340","volume":"25","author":"C Torrente","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torrente C, Manzanilla EG, Bosch L, Fresno L, Rivera Del Alamo M, Andaluz A, et al. Plasma iron, C-reactive protein, albumin, and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2015;25:611\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2724_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-011-0077-9","volume":"14","author":"A Procaj\u0142o","year":"2011","unstructured":"Procaj\u0142o A, Skupie\u0144 EM, Bladowski M, Lew S. Monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs. Pol J Vet Sci. 2011;14:515\u201320.","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2724_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantchev N, Pluta S, Huisinga E, Nather S, Scheufelen M, Vrhovec MG, et al. Tick-borne diseases (Borreliosis, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis) in German and Austrian dogs: status quo and review of distribution, transmission, clinical findings, diagnostics and prophylaxis. Parasitol Res. 2015;114:19\u201354.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4513-0"},{"key":"2724_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hornok S, S\u00e1ndor AD, Tomanovi\u0107 S, Beck R, D\u2019Amico G, Kontsch\u00e1n J, et al. East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean basin. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:39.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-1985-z"},{"key":"2724_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1990","volume":"17","author":"V Mrljak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mrljak V, Kule\u0161 J, Mihaljevi\u0107 \u017d, Torti M, Goti\u0107 J, Crnogaj M, et al. Prevalence and geographic distribution of vector-borne pathogens in apparently healthy dogs in Croatia. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2017;17:398\u2013408.","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2724_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2225-2","volume":"10","author":"MS Latrofa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Latrofa MS, Angelou A, Giannelli A, Annoscia G, Ravagnan S, Dantas-Torres F, et al. Ticks and associated pathogens in dogs from Greece. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:301.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1797-6","volume":"9","author":"A Diakou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diakou A, Kapantaidakis E, Tamvakis A, Giannakis V, Strus N. Dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of Greece. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:508.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.01.002","volume":"235","author":"D Tahir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tahir D, Bittar F, Barr\u00e9-Cardi H, Sow D, Dahmani M, Mediannikov O, et al. Molecular survey of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens by new real-time TaqMan\u00ae PCR assay in dogs and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Corsica (France). Vet Parasitol. 2017;235:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.12.006","volume":"8","author":"C Attipa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Attipa C, Hicks CA, Barker EN, Christodoulou V, Neofytou K, Mylonakis ME, et al. Canine tick-borne pathogens in Cyprus and a unique canine case of multiple co-infections. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2017;8:341\u20136.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"2724_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12541","volume":"64","author":"MR Rjeibi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rjeibi MR, Rouatbi M, Mabrouk M, Tabib I, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Molecular study of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in dogs from Tunisia. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2017;64:1505\u20139.","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"2724_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002201","volume":"144","author":"K Azmi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Azmi K, Al-Jawabreh A, Nasereddin A, Abdelkader A, Zaid T, Ereqat S, et al. Detection and molecular identification of Hepatozoon canis and Babesia vogeli from domestic dogs in Palestine. Parasitology. 2017;144:613\u201321.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2724_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.007","volume":"26","author":"WL Nicholson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nicholson WL, Allen KE, McQuiston JH, Breitschwerdt EB, Little SE. The increasing recognition of rickettsial pathogens in dogs and people. Trends Parasitol. 2010;26:205\u201312.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00379-10","volume":"48","author":"D Otranto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Otranto D, Testini G, Dantas-Torres F, Latrofa MS, Diniz PP, de Caprariis D, et al. Diagnosis of canine vector-borne diseases in young dogs: a longitudinal study. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:3316\u201324.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"2724_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14735","volume":"31","author":"L Kidd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kidd L, Qurollo B, Lappin M, Richter K, Hart JR, Hill S, et al. Prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in southern California dogs with clinical and laboratory abnormalities consistent with immune-mediated disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31:1081\u201390.","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2724_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01149.x","volume":"55","author":"L Solano-Gallego","year":"2008","unstructured":"Solano-Gallego L, Trotta M, Caldin M, Furlanello T. Molecular survey of Rickettsia spp. in sick dogs in Italy. Zoonoses Public Health. 2008;55:521\u20135.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"2724_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.01.010","volume":"69","author":"AW Duncan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duncan AW, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates. J Microbiol Methods. 2007;69:273\u201381.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"2724_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805004061","volume":"133","author":"FJ Merino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Merino FJ, Nebreda T, Serrano JL, Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto P, Encinas A, P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez R. Tick species and tick-borne infections identified in population from a rural area of Spain. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133:943\u20139.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2724_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto P, P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez R, \u00c1lamo-Sanz R, Encinas-Grandes A. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks feeding on humans in northwestern Spain: is Rickettsia conorii vanishing? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1078:331\u20133.","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.063"},{"key":"2724_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00937.x","volume":"53","author":"E Aguirre","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aguirre E, Tesouro MA, Ruiz L, Amusategui I, Sainz A. Genetic characterization of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys in dogs in Spain. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Heal. 2006;53:197\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Heal"},{"key":"2724_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.02.001","volume":"8","author":"A Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2017","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Roura X, Sainz A, Mir\u00f3 G, Solano-Gallego L. Species of ticks and carried pathogens in owned dogs in Spain: results of a one-year national survey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2017;8:443\u201352.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"2724_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00523.x","volume":"18","author":"A Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2004","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Martinez JM, Sanchez Acedo C, Quilez J, Del Cacho E. Phenology of the tick, Ixodes ricinus, in its southern distribution range (central Spain). Med Vet Entomol. 2004;18:387\u201397.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2724_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00407-6","volume":"95","author":"T Waner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Waner T, Harrus S, Jongejan F, Bark H, Keysary A, Cornelissen AW. Significance of serological testing for ehrlichial diseases in dogs with special emphasis on the diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis. Vet Parasitol. 2001;95:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2724_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-33","volume":"3","author":"S Gaunt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaunt S, Beall M, Stillman B, Lorentzen L, Diniz P, Chandrashekar R, et al. Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings. Parasit Vectors. 2010;3:33.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2724_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12413","volume":"28","author":"EB Breitschwerdt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonellosis, one health and all creatures great and small. Vet Dermatol. 2017;28:96\u2013e21.","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2724_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00336-1","volume":"82","author":"EH Greeley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Greeley EH, Ballam JM, Harrison JM, Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Segre M. The influence of age and gender on the immune system: a longitudinal study in Labrador retriever dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2001;82:57\u201371.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2724_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.06.015","volume":"108","author":"DG Blount","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blount DG, Pritchard DI, Heaton PR. Age-related alterations to immune parameters in Labrador retriever dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005;108:399\u2013407.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2724_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.04.005","volume":"137","author":"MJ Day","year":"2007","unstructured":"Day MJ. Immune system development in the dog and cat. J Comp Pathol. 2007;137:10\u20135.","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"2724_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2009.10.011","volume":"142","author":"MJ Day","year":"2010","unstructured":"Day MJ. Ageing, immunosenescence and inflammageing in the dog and cat. J Comp Pathol. 2010;142:S60\u20139.","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"2724_CR85","unstructured":"Santana Almeida A, Almeida-Souza F, Lima Rocha A, Carvalho-Neta Vieira A, Carvalho Cardoso R, Henrique Evangelista FA, et al. Coinfection of Leishmania infantum and Babesia canis vogeli in dogs from urban and rural area from northeast Brazil. Toledo: 6th World Congress on Leishmaniasis; 2017. p. 1490.\u00a0"},{"key":"2724_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10079","volume":"48","author":"JF Barandika","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barandika JF, Olmeda SA, Casado-Nistal MA, Hurtado A, Juste RA, Valc\u00e1rcel F, et al. Differences in questing tick species distribution between atlantic and continental climate regions in Spain. J Med Entomol. 2011;48:13\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2724_CR87","first-page":"309","volume":"24","author":"V Lorusso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lorusso V, Dantas-Torres F, Lia RP, Tarallo VD, Mencke N, Capelli G, et al. Seasonal dynamics of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, on a confined dog population in Italy. Med Vet Entomol. 2010;24:309\u201315.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2724_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010001502","volume":"138","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Figueredo LA, Otranto D. Seasonal variation in the effect of climate on the biology of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in southern Europe. Parasitology. 2011;138:527\u201336.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2724_CR89","first-page":"565","volume":"46","author":"JF Bradfield","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bradfield JF, Vore SJ. Pryor WH Jr. Ehrlichia platys infection in dogs. Lab Anim Sci. 1996;46:565\u20138.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2724-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2724-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2724-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1693570011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2724-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2724-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All dogs enrolled in the study were privately owned pets for which client signed informed consent was obtained. Residual samples from blood EDTA tube and serum were used in this study; therefore, ethical approval was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"135"}}