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All parasite samples were collected with the permission of the zoos, and all procedures were performed in compliance with the \u201cGuidelines and Recommendations for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Ministry of Health of the People\u2019s Republic of China\u201d and \u201cWild Animal Protection Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China\u201d (released in 1989). Additional details of animal welfare and steps taken to ameliorate suffering were in accordance with the recommendations of the Weatherall report, \u201cThe use of non-human primates in research\u201d. During the study, no animal died or was sacrificed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"516"}}