{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T14:18:14Z","timestamp":1758809894917},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TDR\/WHO","award":["HQTDR1409931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HQTDR1409931"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3156-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T12:35:55Z","timestamp":1542112555000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Lymphatic filariasis transmission in Rufiji District, southeastern Tanzania: infection status of the human population and mosquito vectors after twelve rounds of mass drug administration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Clarer","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Ngasala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahya A.","family":"Derua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donath","family":"Tarimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Bockarie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mwelecele N.","family":"Malecela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00620.x","volume":"5","author":"EA Ottesen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ottesen EA. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5:591\u20134.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health."},{"key":"3156_CR2","volume-title":"Preparing and implementing a national plan to eliminate lymphatic filariasis","author":"WHO","year":"2000","unstructured":"WHO. Preparing and implementing a national plan to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. WHO\/CDS\/CPE\/CEE\/2000.16."},{"key":"3156_CR3","unstructured":"WHO. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report 2000\u20132009 and strategic plan 2010\u20132020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/PCT\/2010.6.\u00a0"},{"key":"3156_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090626","volume":"54","author":"MJ Bockarie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bockarie MJ, Pedersen EM, White GB, Michael E. Role of vector control in the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Annu Rev Entomol. 2009;54:469\u201387.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol."},{"key":"3156_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5101-2.00055-8","volume-title":"Manson\u2019s Tropical Diseases","author":"PE Simonsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simonsen PE, Fischer PU, Hoerauf A, Weil GJ. The Filariases. In: Farrar J, Hotez PJ, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ, editors. Manson\u2019s Tropical Diseases. 23rd ed. London: Elsevier Saunders; 2014. p. 737\u201365.","edition":"23"},{"key":"3156_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/978099204854.001.1.","volume-title":"Oxford Textbook of Medicine","author":"R Knight","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knight R, Molyneux D. Lymphatic filariasis. In: Warrell DA, Cox TM, Firth JD. Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/978099204854.001.1."},{"key":"3156_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.6.2.179","volume":"6","author":"JO Gyapong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gyapong JO, Kumaraswami V, Biswas G, Ottesen EA. Treatment strategies underpinning the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005;6:179\u2013200.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"3156_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.12.016","volume":"103","author":"DH Molyneux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Molyneux DH. Filaria control and elimination: diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance needs. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103:338\u201341.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3156_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002936","volume":"3","author":"E Michael","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michael E, Malecela MN, Zervos M, Kazura JW. Global eradication of lymphatic filariasis: the value of chronic disease control in parasite elimination programmes. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2936.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"3156_CR10","volume-title":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: annual report on lymphatic filariasis 2001","author":"WHO","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: annual report on lymphatic filariasis 2001. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. WHO\/CDS\/CPE\/CEE\/2002.28"},{"key":"3156_CR11","first-page":"10","volume":"4","author":"MN Malecela","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malecela MN, Lazarus W, Mwingira U, Mwakitalu E, Makene C, Kabali C, et al. Eliminating LF: a progress report from Tanzania. J Lymphol. 2009;4:10\u20132.","journal-title":"J Lymphol."},{"key":"3156_CR12","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Lymphatic Filariasis Research and Control in Eastern and Southern Africa","author":"MN Malecela","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malecela MN, Kilima P, Mackenzie CD. Implementation and management of lymphatic filariasis control and elimination programmes: the Tanzanian experience. In: Simonsen PE, Malecela MN, Michael E, Mackenzie CD, editors. Lymphatic Filariasis Research and Control in Eastern and Southern Africa. Copenhagen: DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development; 2008. p. 112\u201323."},{"key":"3156_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002584","volume":"7","author":"BK Chu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chu BK, Deming M, Biritwum NK, Bougma WR, Dorkenoo AM, El-Setouhy M, et al. Transmission assessment surveys (TAS) to define endpoints for lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration: a multicenter evaluation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2584.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-11","volume":"2","author":"DS Goodman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goodman DS, Orelus JN, Roberts JM, Lammie PJ, Streit TG. PCR and mosquito dissection as tools to monitor filarial infection levels following mass treatment. Filaria J. 2003;2:11.","journal-title":"Filaria J."},{"key":"3156_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.826","volume":"74","author":"RU Rao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rao RU, Atkinson LJ, Ramzy RM, Helmy H, Farid HA, Bockarie MJ, et al. A real-time PCR-based assay for detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in blood and mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:826\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3156_CR16","volume-title":"Population and housing census 2012","author":"URT","year":"2013","unstructured":"URT. Population and housing census 2012. Dar es Salaam: United Republic of Tanzania; 2013."},{"key":"3156_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1979.11687285","volume":"73","author":"JE McMahon","year":"1979","unstructured":"McMahon JE, Marshall TF, Vaughan JP, Abaru DE. Bancroftian filariasis: a comparison of microfilariae counting techniques using counting chamber, standard slide and membrane (nucleopore) filtration. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1979;73:457\u201364.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"3156_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X29675","volume":"99","author":"RT Rwegoshora","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rwegoshora RT, Pedersen EM, Mukoko D, Meyrowitsch DW, Masese N, Malecela MN, et al. Bancroftian filariasis: patterns of vector abundance and transmission in two East African communities with different levels of endemicity. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2005;99:253\u201365.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"3156_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0234","volume":"93","author":"SR Irish","year":"2015","unstructured":"Irish SR, Stevens WM, Derua YA, Walker T, Cameron MM. Comparison of methods for xenomonitoring in vectors of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93:983\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3156_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/107.4.611","volume":"107","author":"KJ Livak","year":"1984","unstructured":"Livak KJ. Organization and mapping of a sequence on the Drosophila melanogaster x and y chromosomes that is transcribed during spermatogenesis. Genetics. 1984;107:611\u201334.","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"3156_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"17","author":"RG Newcombe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Newcombe RG. Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods. Stat Med. 1998;17:857\u201372.","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"key":"3156_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.5.1414","volume":"172","author":"CR Katholi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Katholi CR, Toe\u00c2 L, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR. Determining the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in vector populations by polymerase chain reaction screening of pools of black flies. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:1414\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68426-2","volume":"367","author":"RM Ramzy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ramzy RM, El Setouhy M, Helmy H, Ahmed ES, Abd Elaziz KM, Farid H, et al. Effect of yearly mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: a comprehensive assessment. Lancet. 2006;367:992\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"3156_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000344","volume":"2","author":"GJ Weil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weil GJ, Kastens W, Susapu M, Laney SJ, Williams S, King CL, et al. The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2:e344.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.924","volume":"78","author":"JL Liang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liang JL, King JD, Ichimori K, Handzel T, Pa\u2019au M, Lammie PJ. Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in American Samoa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78:924\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"issue":"2","key":"3156_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0718","volume":"87","author":"Jonathan D. King","year":"2012","unstructured":"King JD, Eigege A, Umaru J, Jip N, Miri E, Jiya J, et al. Evidence for stopping mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in some, but not all local government areas of Plateau and Nasarawa States, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87:272\u201380.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"3156_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001346","volume":"5","author":"FO Richards","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richards FO, Eigege A, Miri ES, Kal A, Umaru J, Pam D. Epidemiological and entomological evaluations after six years or more of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Nigeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5:e1346.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002080","volume":"7","author":"YK Sodahlon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sodahlon YK, Dorkenoo AM, Morgah K, Nabiliou K, Agbo K, Miller R, et al. A success story: Togo is moving toward becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis through mass drug administration and countrywide morbidity alleviation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2080.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0407","volume":"90","author":"PJ Budge","year":"2014","unstructured":"Budge PJ, Dorkenoo AM, Sodahlon YK, Fasuyi OB, Mathieu E. Ongoing surveillance for lymphatic filariasis in Togo: assessment of alternatives and nationwide reassessment of transmission status. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90:89\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3156_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0507-5","volume":"7","author":"PE Simonsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simonsen PE, Derua YA, Magesa SM, Pedersen EM, Stensgaard A, Malecela MN, et al. Lymphatic filariasis control in Tanga Region, Tanzania: status after eight rounds of mass drug administration. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:507.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3156_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.05.009","volume":"61","author":"C Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones C, Ngasalla B, Derua YA, Tarimo D, Malecela MN. Lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts in Rufiji, southeastern Tanzania: decline in circulating filarial antigen prevalence in young school children after twelve rounds of mass drug administration and utilization of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;61:38\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005938","volume":"11","author":"YA Derua","year":"2017","unstructured":"Derua YA, Rumisha SF, Batengana BM, Max DA, Stanley G, Kisinza WN, Mboera LG. Lymphatic filariasis transmission on Mafia Islands, Tanzania: evidence from xenomonitoring in mosquito vectors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005938.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kigadye ESP, Nkwengulila G, Magesa SM, Abdulla S. Spatial variability in the density, distribution and vectorial capacity of anopheline species in Rufiji District, southeastern Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res. 2011;13:112\u20138.","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v13i4.69639"},{"issue":"1","key":"3156_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00090-X","volume":"75","author":"D.B Gasarasi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gasarasi DB, Premji ZG, Mujinja PG, Mpembeni R. Acute adenolymphangitis due to bancroftian filariasis in Rufiji District, southeast Tanzania. Acta Trop. 2000;75:19\u201328.","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"3156_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90666-5","volume":"89","author":"SP Pani","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pani SP, Yuvaraj J, Vanamail P, Dhanda V, Michael E, Grenfell BT, et al. Episodic adenolymphangitis and lymphoedema in patients with bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995;89:72\u20134.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3156_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00110-7","volume":"19","author":"JW Kazura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kazura JW, Bockarie MJ. Lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: interdisciplinary research on a national health problem. Trends Parasitol. 2003;19:260\u20133.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"3156_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00973-9","volume":"4","author":"E Michael","year":"2004","unstructured":"Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, et al. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:223\u201334.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"3156_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.03.005","volume":"22","author":"E Michael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Kabali C, Snow LC, Kazura JW. Mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control: endpoints and optimal interventions. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:226\u201333.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"3156_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109316","volume":"9","author":"WJ Kisoka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kisoka WJ, Simonsen PE, Malecela MN, Tersb\u00f8l PB, Mushi DL, Meyrowitsch DW. Factors influencing drug uptake during mass drug administration for control of lymphatic filariasis in rural and urban Tanzania. PLoS One. 2014;9:e109316.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"3156_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.05.023","volume":"102","author":"BV Babu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Babu BV, Mishra S. Mass drug administration under the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Orissa, India: a mixed-methods study to identify factors associated with compliance and non-compliance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102:1207\u201313.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3156_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.09.002","volume":"101","author":"S Gunawardena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gunawardena S, Ismail M, Bradley M, Karunaweera N. Factors influencing drug compliance in the mass drug administration programme against filariasis in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007;101:445\u201353.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"3156_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2999-x","volume":"11","author":"YA Derua","year":"2018","unstructured":"Derua YA, Kisinza WN, Simonsen PE. Lymphatic filariasis control in Tanzania: infection, disease perceptions and drug uptake patterns in an endemic community after multiple rounds of mass drug administration. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:429.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3156_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.2.394","volume":"30","author":"S Dissanayake","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dissanayake S. In Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, asymptomatic microfilaraemia does not progress to amicrofilaraemic lymphatic disease. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:394\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"3156_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125002437","volume":"96","author":"EM Pedersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pedersen EM, Mukoko DA. Impact of insecticide-treated materials on filaria transmission by the various species of vector mosquito in Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002;96(Suppl. 2):S91\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"3156_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X252313","volume":"102","author":"P Odermatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Odermatt P, Leang R, Bin B, Bunkea T, Socheat D. Prevention of lymphatic filariasis with insecticide-treated bednets in Cambodia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2008;102:135\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"3156_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-90","volume":"4","author":"SM Njenga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Njenga SM, Mwandawiro CS, Wamae CN, Mukoko DA, Omar AA, Shimada M, et al. Sustained reduction in prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection despite missed rounds of mass drug administration in an area under mosquito nets for malaria control. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:90.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3156_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-134","volume":"4","author":"RA Ashton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ashton RA, Kyabayinze DJ, Opio T, Auma A, Edwards T, Matwale G, et al. The impact of mass drug administration and long-lasting insecticidal net distribution on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans and mosquitoes: an observational study in northern Uganda. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:134.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-018-3156-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-018-3156-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-018-3156-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T22:08:47Z","timestamp":1662415727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-018-3156-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-018-3156-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Research Ethical Review Board as well as the WHO Ethics Review Committee. Before the fieldwork, permission to conduct the study was obtained from the District Executive Director for Rufiji. Members of the community were informed of the purpose of the study during the village meetings in order to obtain their cooperation. Before any examination, a written informed consent was obtained from all adults. For children below 15 years, their parents\/guardians signed the informed the consent on their behalf. Before setting the CDC light and gravid traps, written informed consent was obtained from the heads of the households and individuals sleeping in the mosquito collection rooms were provided with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Study participants who were positive for CFA or MF were treated with ivermectin (150\u2013200 mg\/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) as done during MDA.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"588"}}