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In this context, it did not require prior ethical clearance. With regard to the EU Directive 2010\/63\/EU of 22 September 2010 on animal care and use in experimental procedures, a Directive transposed into French law in 2013 (Decree no. 2013-118 of February 1, 2013) regarding the ethics review and clearance of research involving the use of animals, programmes that begun before 2013 are not subject to validation by the Ethics Committee. Animal rearing was done by trained staff with the necessary skills to manipulate the mice involved in this study in accordance with guidelines for the protection of animals used for experimental purposes. 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