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A proposed recent shift of schistosomiasis above a previously established altitudinal threshold of 1400\u00a0m above sea level in western Ugandan crater lakes has triggered more research interest there.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on extensive field sampling in western Uganda and beyond and employing an approach using sequences of the mitochondrial barcoding gene cytochrome\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                      oxidase subunit 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>\n                      1) this study aims were: (i) identification and establishment of the phylogenetic affinities of\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species as potential hosts for\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.; (ii) determining diversity, frequency and distribution patterns of\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.; and (iii) establishing genetic variability and phylogeographical patterns using Bayesian inference and parsimony network analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the 58 crater lakes surveyed, three species of\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      snails were found in 34 crater lakes.\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus tropicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was dominating,\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus forskalii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found in two lakes and\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in one. The latter two species are unconfirmed potential hosts for\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      in this region. However,\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus tropicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an important species for schistosomiasis transmission in ruminants.\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus tropicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      comprised 31 haplotypes while both\n                      <jats:italic>B. forskalii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited only a single haplotype in the crater lakes. All species clustered with most of the haplotypes from surrounding lake systems forming source regions for the colonization of the crater lakes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This first detailed malacological study of the crater lakes systems in western Uganda revealed presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species that are either not known or not regionally known to be hosts for\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the causing agent of human urogenital schistosomiasis. Though this disease risk is almost negligible, the observed dominance of\n                      <jats:italic>B. tropicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the crater lakes shows that there is a likelihood of a high risk of infections with\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Thus, extra attention should be accorded to safeguard wild and domestic ruminants in this region as the population benefits from these animals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3811-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1574849020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Molecular identification of Bulinus spp. intermediate host snails of Schistosoma spp. in crater lakes of western Uganda with implications for the transmission of the Schistosoma haematobium group parasites"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Immaculate","family":"Tumwebaze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Clewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Claire","family":"Dusabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Tumusiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Kagoro-Rugunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3811_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0370-7","volume":"6","author":"R Bergquist","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergquist R, Zhou XN, Rollinson D, Reinhard-Rupp J, Klohe K. 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