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Recently, populations of the taiga tick were, for the first time, detected in northern Sweden. This prompted us to investigate if they harbour human pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 276<jats:italic>I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>ticks (136 males, 126 females and 14 nymphs) and one<jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>nymph was collected by the cloth-dragging method in northern Sweden in July\u2013August 2015 and May\u2013July 2016. In addition, 8 males and 10 females of<jats:italic>I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>were collected from two dogs (16 and 2 ticks, respectively) in two of the localities. All ticks were microscopically and molecularly identified to developmental stage and species and screened for<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>sensu lato<\/jats:italic>),<jats:italic>B. miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>spp.<jats:italic>, Neoehrlichia mikurensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>spp. and TBEV using real-time PCR followed by species identification by sequencing the PCR-products of conventional PCR assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the ticks collected by the cloth-dragging method, 55% (152\/277) were positive for<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>. There was no significant difference between the proportions of<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-infected nymphs (33%, 5\/15) and<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-infected adult ticks (56%, 147\/262), and no significant difference between the proportions of<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-infected males (54%, 74\/136) and<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-infected females (58%, 73\/126). Three different<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>species were identified.<jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>was the predominant species and detected in 46% of all<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-infected ticks followed by<jats:italic>B. garinii<\/jats:italic>, 35%,<jats:italic>B. valaisiana<\/jats:italic>, 1%, and mixed infections of different<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>species, 1%; 17% of all<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-infections were untypeable. One<jats:italic>I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>female contained<jats:italic>Rickettsia helvetica<\/jats:italic>, and one nymph contained<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>sp. Of the 277 ticks analysed, all were negative for<jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>and TBEV. The ticks collected from the two dogs were negative for all pathogens examined except for<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>spp., that was detected in 5 out of 16 ticks removed from one of the dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first time that<jats:italic>I. persulcatus<\/jats:italic>from Sweden has been analysed for the presence of tick-borne pathogens. The examined tick populations had a low diversity of tick-borne pathogens but a high prevalence of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>s.l<\/jats:italic>.).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3813-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:03:41Z","timestamp":1574899421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["First records of tick-borne pathogens in populations of the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thomas G. 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Ethical approval is not required for this study, because the analyses were performed on nucleic acid from ticks collected in field and from dogs.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"559"}}