{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:31:12Z","timestamp":1790627472632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SATT- Ouest Valorisation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The chemotherapeutic arsenal available to treat visceral leishmaniasis is currently limited, in view of many drawbacks such as high cost, toxicity or emerging resistance. New therapeutic strategies are particularly needed to improve the management and the outcome in immunosuppressed patients. The combination of an immunomodulatory drug to a conventional anti-<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> treatment is an emerging concept to reverse the immune bias from Th2 to Th1 response to boost healing and prevent relapses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, immunostimulating and leishmanicidal properties of octyl-\u03b2-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-galactofuranose (Galf) were assessed in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HM) and in a murine model, after challenge with <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> promastigotes. We recorded parasite loads and expression of various cytokines and immune effectors in HM and mouse organs (liver, spleen, bone marrow), following treatment with free (Galf) and liposomal (L-Galf) formulations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both treatments significantly reduced parasite proliferation in HM, as well as liver parasite burden <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Galf,\u00a0P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Consistent with <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> results, we showed that Galf- and L-Galf-treated mice displayed an enhanced Th1 immune response, particularly in the spleen where pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-12 were significantly overexpressed compared to control group. The hepatic recruitment of myeloid cells was also favored by L-Galf treatment as evidenced by the five-fold increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) induction, which was associated with a higher number of MPO-positive cells within granulomas. By contrast, the systemic level of various cytokines such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17A or IL-27 was drastically reduced at the end of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, these results suggest that Galf could be tested as an adjuvant in combination with current anti-parasitic drugs, to restore an efficient immune response against infection in a model of immunosuppressed mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3858-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T16:02:42Z","timestamp":1577116962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of octyl-\u03b2-d-galactofuranoside during Leishmania donovani infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Guegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorya","family":"Belaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Legentil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Lemi\u00e8gre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Ferri\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Robert-Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3858_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012;7:e35671.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"3858_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006082","volume":"12","author":"BL Travi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Travi BL, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Dantas-Torres F, Mir\u00f3 G. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: diagnosis and management of the reservoir living among us. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006082.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.09.003","volume":"12","author":"B Faye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faye B, Ba\u00f1uls AL, Bucheton B, Dione MM, Bassanganam O, Hide M, et al. Canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Senegal: risk of emergence in humans? Microbes Infect. 2010;12:1219\u201325.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"3858_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2018.1438229","volume":"112","author":"AG de Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Carvalho AG, Luz JGG, Rodrigues LD, Dias JVL, Fontes CJF. High seroprevalence and peripheral spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis among domestic dogs in an emerging urban focus in Central Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Pathog Glob Health. 2018;112:29\u201336.","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health."},{"key":"3858_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2018.10.015","volume":"162","author":"R Velez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Velez R, Ballart C, Domenech E, Abras A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ar\u00e9valo A, G\u00f3mez SA, et al. Seroprevalence of canine Leishmania infantum infection in the Mediterranean region and identification of risk factors: the example of north-eastern and Pyrenean areas of Spain. Prev Vet Med. 2019;162:67\u201375.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med."},{"key":"3858_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.08.009","volume":"20","author":"CR Engwerda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Engwerda CR, Ato M, Kaye PM. Macrophages, pathology and parasite persistence in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Trends Parasitol. 2004;20:524\u201330.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"3858_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.111-126.2006","volume":"19","author":"SL Croft","year":"2006","unstructured":"Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. Clini Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:111\u201326.","journal-title":"Clini Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"3858_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1171","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001171","volume":"5","author":"GK Katara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katara GK, Ansari NA, Verma S, Ramesh V, Salotra P. Foxp3 and IL-10 expression correlates with parasite burden in lesional tissues of post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5:e1171.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0662-5","volume":"14","author":"MAM Salih","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salih MAM, Fakiola M, Abdelraheem MH, Younis BM, Musa AM, ElHassan AM, et al. Insights into the possible role of IFNG and IFNGR1 in kala-azar and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudanese patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:662.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01943","volume":"12","author":"W Adriaensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adriaensen W, Dorlo TPC, Vanham G, Kestens L, Kaye PM, van Griensven J. Immunomodulatory therapy of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients. Front Immunol. 2018;12:1943.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003820","volume":"9","author":"L Gonzalez-Fajardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Fajardo L, Fern\u00e1ndez OL, McMahon-Pratt D, Saravia NG. Ex vivo host and parasite response to antileishmanial drugs and immunomodulators. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003820.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5819","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00273-15","volume":"59","author":"K Seifert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seifert K, Juhls C, Salguero FJ, Croft SL. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis using a single low dose of liposomal amphotericin B and a novel DNA vaccine candidate. Antimicrob Agents Chemoth. 2015;59:5819\u201323.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemoth."},{"key":"3858_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.8.2513-2517.2003","volume":"47","author":"HW Murray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murray HW, Brooks EB, DeVecchio JL, Heinzel FP. Immunoenhancement combined with amphotericin B as treatment for experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:2513\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"3858_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004415","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004415","volume":"10","author":"RJ Faleiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faleiro RJ, Kumar R, Bunn PT, Singh N, Chauhan SB, Sheel M, et al. Combined immune therapy for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004415.","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/152741","volume":"2015","author":"LR Castellano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castellano LR, Argiro L, Dessein H, Dessein A, da Silva MV, Correia D, et al. Potential use of interleukin-10 blockade as a therapeutic strategy in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:1\u20135.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res."},{"key":"3858_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.11.008","volume":"93","author":"HW Murray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murray HW. Interleukin 10 receptor blockade - pentavalent antimony treatment in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop. 2005;93:295\u2013301.","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"3858_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1627","volume":"172","author":"S Sundar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sundar S, Murray HW. Effect of treatment with interferon-gamma alone in visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:1627\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32810c8d27","volume":"21","author":"S Bossolasco","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bossolasco S, Nozza S, Gaiera G, Bestetti A, Lazzarin A, Cinque P. Lack of immune recovery in HIV\/Leishmania co-infection treated with human recombinant IL-2. AIDS. 2007;21:1223\u20135.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"3858_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.04.002","volume":"63","author":"J Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi J, Malla N, Kaur S. A comparative evaluation of efficacy of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis-an experimental study. Parasitol Int. 2014;63:612\u201320.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"3858_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608","volume":"9","author":"P Kaye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaye P, Scott P. Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9:604\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"3858_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004145","volume":"9","author":"D Mukhopadhyay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay D, Mukherjee S, Roy S, Dalton JE, Kundu S, Sarkar A, et al. M2 polarization of monocytes-macrophages is a hallmark of Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0004145.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.010","volume":"38","author":"L Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre L, Lugo-Villarino G, Meunier E, Valentin A, Olagnier D, Authier H, et al. The C-type lectin receptors dectin-1, MR, and SIGNR3 contribute both positively and negatively to the macrophage response to Leishmania infantum. Immunity. 2013;38:1038\u201349.","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"3858_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043360069","volume":"4","author":"T Naderer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Naderer T, Vince J, McConville M. Surface determinants of Leishmania parasites and their role in infectivity in the mammalian host. Curr Mol Med. 2004;4:649\u201365.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med."},{"key":"3858_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001543","volume":"6","author":"RR Assis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Assis RR, Ibraim IC, Noronha FS, Turco SJ, Soares RP. Glycoinositolphospholipids from Leishmania braziliensis and L. infantum: modulation of innate immune system and variations in carbohydrate structure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1543.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01336.x","volume":"41","author":"J Machado-Pinto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Machado-Pinto J, Pinto J, da Costa CA, Genaro O, Marques MJ, Modabber F, et al. Immunochemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a controlled trial using killed Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis vaccine plus antimonial. Int J Dermatol. 2002;41:73\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"3858_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2015.03.017","volume":"422","author":"K Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain K, Jain NK. Vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis: a review. J Immunol Methods. 2015;422:1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods."},{"key":"3858_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8393","DOI":"10.1039\/C5OB00563A","volume":"13","author":"Y Cabezas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cabezas Y, Legentil L, Robert-Gangneux F, Daligault F, Belaz S, Nugier-Chauvin C, et al. Leishmania cell wall as a potent target for antiparasitic drugs. A focus on the glycoconjugates. Org Biomol Chem. 2015;13:8393\u2013404.","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem."},{"key":"3858_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01350-13","volume":"58","author":"M Suleman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suleman M, Gangneux J-P, Legentil L, Belaz S, Cabezas Y, Manuel C, et al. Alkyl galactofuranosides strongly interact with Leishmania donovani membrane and provide antileishmanial activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemoth. 2014;58:2156\u201366.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemoth."},{"key":"3858_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1021\/cb4008265","volume":"9","author":"F Chiodo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiodo F, Marradi M, Park J, Ram AFJ, Penad\u00e9s S, van Die I, et al. Galactofuranose-coated gold nanoparticles elicit a pro-inflammatory response in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and are recognized by DC-SIGN. ACS Chem Biol. 2014;9:383\u20139.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol."},{"key":"3858_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(98)00197-9","volume":"311","author":"V Ferri\u00e8res","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferri\u00e8res V, Bertho J-N, Plusquellec D. A convenient synthesis of alkyl d-glycofuranosiduronic acids and alkyl d-glycofuranosides from unprotected carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res. 1998;311:25\u201335.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res."},{"key":"3858_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2374","volume":"170","author":"J van Grevenynghe","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Grevenynghe J, Rion S, Le Ferrec E, Le Vee M, Amiot L, Fauchet R, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages. J Immunol. 2003;170:2374\u201381.","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"3858_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00383","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00383-13","volume":"4","author":"O Rostan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rostan O, Gangneux JP, Piquet-Pellorce C, Manuel C, McKenzie ANJ, Guiguen C, et al. The IL-33\/ST2 axis is associated with human visceral leishmaniasis and suppresses Th1 responses in the livers of BALB\/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. mBio. 2013;4(5):e00383\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00383-13.","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"3858_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.9.2167","volume":"39","author":"PA Buffet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buffet PA, Sulahian A, Garin YJ, Nassar N, Derouin F. Culture microtitration: a sensitive method for quantifying Leishmania infantum in tissues of infected mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:2167\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"3858_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1086\/315890","volume":"182","author":"HW Murray","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murray HW, Montelibano C, Peterson R, Sypek JP. Interleukin-12 regulates the response to chemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:1497\u2013502.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","volume":"8","author":"DM Mosser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:958\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR36","first-page":"603","volume":"5","author":"E Muraille","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muraille E, Leo O, Moser M. Th1\/Th2 paradigm extended: macrophage polarization as an unappreciated pathogen-driven escape mechanism? Front Immunol. 2014;5:603.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.09.003","volume":"146","author":"MLE Lundahl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lundahl MLE, Scanlan EM, Lavelle EC. Therapeutic potential of carbohydrates as regulators of macrophage activation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2017;146:23\u201341.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"3858_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2012.07.006","volume":"302","author":"K Reinhard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reinhard K, Huber M, Lohoff M, Visekruna A. The role of NF-\u03baB activation during protection against Leishmania infection. Int J Med Microbiol. 2012;302:230\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"3858_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00327","volume":"8","author":"A Refai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Refai A, Gritli S, Barbouche M-R, Essafi M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulent factor ESAT-6 drives macrophage differentiation toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and subsequently switches it to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:327.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"3858_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1095-2","volume":"17","author":"P Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen P, Li Q, Ma J, Tian M, Hong F, Zhai X, et al. IRAK-M alters the polarity of macrophages to facilitate the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17:185.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"3858_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143593","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143593","volume":"10","author":"T Buchacher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buchacher T, Ohradanova-Repic A, Stockinger H, Fischer MB, Weber V. M2 polarization of human macrophages favors survival of the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0143593.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"3858_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-122","volume":"7","author":"J Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu J, Xu Z, Chen X, Zhou S, Zhang W, Chi Y, et al. Parasitic antigens alter macrophage polarization during Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:122.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3858_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12828","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012828","volume":"5","author":"L Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre L, Gal\u00e8s A, Olagnier D, Bernad J, Perez L, Burcelin R, et al. PPAR\u03b3 Ligands switched high fat diet-induced macrophage M2b polarization toward M2a thereby improving intestinal Candida elimination. PLoS One. 2010;5:e12828.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"3858_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01820","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01820-16","volume":"8","author":"J Wagener","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wagener J, MacCallum DM, Brown GD, Gow NAR. Candida albicans chitin increases arginase-1 activity in human macrophages, with an impact on macrophage antimicrobial functions. mBio. 2017;8:e01820\u2013916.","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"3858_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10273","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00912-13","volume":"87","author":"S Avdic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avdic S, Cao JZ, McSharry BP, Clancy LE, Brown R, Steain M, et al. Human cytomegalovirus interleukin-10 polarizes monocytes toward a deactivated M2c phenotype to repress host immune responses. J Virol. 2013;87:10273\u201382.","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"3858_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.8879","volume":"10","author":"Y-C Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y-C, Zou X-B, Chai Y-F, Yao Y-M. Macrophage polarization in inflammatory diseases. Int J Biol Sci. 2014;10:520\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci."},{"key":"3858_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006854","volume":"12","author":"R El Hajj","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Hajj R, Bou Youness H, Lachaud L, Bastien P, Masquefa C, Bonnet PA, et al. EAPB0503: an imiquimod analog with potent in vitro activity against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006854.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033413","volume":"7","author":"F Robert-Gangneux","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robert-Gangneux F, Drogoul AS, Rostan O, Piquet-Pellorce C, Cayon J, Lisbonne M, et al. Invariant NKT cells drive hepatic cytokinic microenvironment favoring efficient granuloma formation and early control of Leishmania donovani infection. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33413.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"3858_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00824","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00824-16","volume":"85","author":"HW Murray","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murray HW, Luster AD, Zheng H, Ma X. Gamma interferon-regulated chemokines in Leishmania donovani infection in the liver. Infect Immun. 2017;85:e00824\u2013916.","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"3858_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00962","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00962-17","volume":"61","author":"LES Reis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reis LES, de Fortes Brito RC, de Cardoso JMO, Mathias FAS, Aguiar Soares RDO, Carneiro CM, et al. Mixed formulation of conventional and pegylated meglumine antimoniate-containing liposomes reduces inflammatory process and parasite burden in Leishmania infantum-infected BALB\/c mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61:e00962\u20131017.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"3858_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160529","volume":"112","author":"WME Figueiredo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Figueiredo WME, de Viana SM, Alves DT, Guerra PV, Co\u00ealho ZCB, Barbosa HS, et al. Protection mediated by chemokine CXCL10 in BALB\/c mice infected by Leishmania infantum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2017;112:561\u20138.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"3858_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12461","author":"H Montakhab-Yeganeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montakhab-Yeganeh H, Abdossamadi Z, Zahedifard F, Taslimi Y, Badirzadeh A, Saljoughian N, et al. Leishmania tarentolae expressing CXCL-10 as an efficient immunotherapy approach against Leishmania major-infected BALB\/c mice. Parasite Immunol. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12461.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00225","volume":"9","author":"M Wagener","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagener M, Hoving JC, Ndlovu H, Marakalala MJ. Dectin-1-Syk-CARD9 signaling pathway in TB immunity. Front Immunol. 2018;9:225.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01261","volume":"9","author":"S Goyal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goyal S, Castrill\u00f3n-Betancur JC, Klaile E, Slevogt H. The interaction of human pathogenic fungi with C-type lectin receptors. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1261.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3221","volume":"19","author":"DS Lima-Junior","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lima-Junior DS, Costa DL, Carregaro V, Cunha LD, Silva ALN, Mineo TWP, et al. Inflammasome-derived IL-1\u03b2 production induces nitric oxide-mediated resistance to Leishmania. Nat Med. 2013;19:909\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"3858_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2016.12.002","volume":"7","author":"JA Jesus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jesus JA, Fragoso TN, Yamamoto ES, Laurenti MD, Silva MS, Ferreira AF, et al. Therapeutic effect of ursolic acid in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2017;7:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"3858_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6284","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6284-6293.2002","volume":"70","author":"HW Murray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murray HW, Lu CM, Mauze S, Freeman S, Moreira AL, Kaplan G, et al. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in experimental visceral leishmaniasis and IL-10 receptor blockade as immunotherapy. Infect Immun. 2002;70:6284\u201393.","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"3858_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.07.004","volume":"28","author":"S Nyl\u00e9n","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nyl\u00e9n S, Sacks D. Interleukin-10 and the pathogenesis of human visceral leishmaniasis. Trends Immunol. 2007;28:378\u201384.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04298-14","volume":"59","author":"AE Kip","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kip AE, Balasegaram M, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, de Vries PJ, Dorlo TPC. Systematic review of biomarkers to monitor therapeutic response in leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"3858_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1412-x","volume":"9","author":"V Rodrigues","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodrigues V, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Laforge M, Silvestre R, Estaquier J. Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:118.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3858_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03436.x","volume":"149","author":"A Gomes-Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gomes-Silva A, de C\u00e1ssia Bittar R, Dos Santos Nogueira R, Amato VS, da Silva Mattos M, Oliveira-Neto MP, et al. Can interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 balance be associated with severity of human Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection? Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;149:440\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6734-6740.2002","volume":"70","author":"O Bacellar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bacellar O, Lessa H, Schriefer A, Machado P, de Jesus AR, Dutra WO, et al. Up-regulation of Th1-type responses in mucosal leishmaniasis patients. Infect Immun. 2002;70:6734\u201340.","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"3858_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12364","volume":"177","author":"RS Nogueira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nogueira RS, Gomes-Silva A, Bittar RC, Silva Mendon\u00e7a D, Amato VS, da Silva Mattos M, et al. Antigen-triggered interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-10 pattern in cured mucosal leishmaniasis patients is shaped during the active phase of disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;177:679\u201386.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061141","volume":"204","author":"S Nyl\u00e9n","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nyl\u00e9n S, Maurya R, Eidsmo L, Manandhar KD, Sundar S, Sacks D. Splenic accumulation of IL-10 mRNA in T cells distinct from CD4 + CD25 + (Foxp3) regulatory T cells in human visceral leishmaniasis. J Exp Med. 2007;204:805\u201317.","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"3858_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004375","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004375","volume":"10","author":"PL dos Santos","year":"2016","unstructured":"dos Santos PL, de Oliveira FA, Santos MLB, Cunha LCS, Lino MTB, de Oliveira MFS, et al. The severity of visceral leishmaniasis correlates with elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-27 and sCD14. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004375.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"3858_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00478","volume":"7","author":"B P\u00e9rez-Cabezas","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Cabezas B, Cec\u00edlio P, Robalo AL, Silvestre R, Carrillo E, Moreno J, et al. Interleukin-27 early impacts Leishmania infantum infection in mice and correlates with active visceral disease in humans. Front Immunol. 2016;7:478.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"3858_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050013","volume":"168","author":"LE Rosas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosas LE, Satoskar AA, Roth KM, Keiser TL, Barbi J, Hunter C, et al. Interleukin-27R (WSX-1\/T-cell cytokine receptor) gene-deficient mice display enhanced resistance to Leishmania donovani infection but develop severe liver immunopathology. Am J Pathol. 2006;168:158\u201369.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"3858_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00283-16","volume":"84","author":"GFS Quirino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quirino GFS, Nascimento MSL, Davoli-Ferreira M, Sacramento LA, Lima MHF, Almeida RP, et al. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) mediates susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis by suppressing the IL-17-neutrophil response. Infect Immun. 2016;84:2289\u201398.","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"3858_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.2.715","volume":"173","author":"AV Villarino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Villarino AV, Huang E, Hunter CA. Understanding the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of IL-27. J Immunol. 2004;173:715\u201320.","journal-title":"J Immunol."}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3858-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3858-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3858-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:26:44Z","timestamp":1608596804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3858-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3858-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study on mouse models was carried out in accordance with the French institutional guidelines and with the EC directive #86\/609\/CEE, and received an authorization from the Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur et de la Recherche (project APAFIS#7167 -2016111714147234), after approval by the local ethics committee.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"600"}}