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We included six species of the suborder Feliformia, four species of the suborder Caniformia and two species of the suborder Ruminantia. For the two species for which we had most samples and life-history information, i.e. cheetahs (\n                      <jats:italic>Acinonyx jubatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009250) and leopards (\n                      <jats:italic>Panthera pardus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200958), we investigated\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      seroprevalence in relation to age class, sex, sociality (solitary, mother-offspring group, independent sibling group, coalition group) and site (natural habitat\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      farmland).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All but one carnivore species (bat-eared fox\n                      <jats:italic>Otocyon megalotis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) were seropositive to\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with a seroprevalence ranging from 52.4% (131\/250) in cheetahs to 93.2% (55\/59) in African lions (\n                      <jats:italic>Panthera leo<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). We also detected antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 10.0% (2\/20) of blue wildebeest (\n                      <jats:italic>Connochaetes taurinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Adult cheetahs and leopards were more likely to be seropositive to\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      than subadult conspecifics, whereas seroprevalence did not vary with sex, sociality and site. Furthermore, we measured antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 15.4% (2\/13) of brown hyenas (\n                      <jats:italic>Hyaena brunnea<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and 2.6% (1\/39) of black-backed jackals (\n                      <jats:italic>Canis mesomelas<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic>B. besnoiti<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected in 3.4% (2\/59) of African lions and 20.0% (4\/20) of blue wildebeest.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results demonstrate that Namibian wildlife species were exposed to apicomplexan parasites at different prevalences, depending on parasite and host species. In addition to serological work, molecular work is also needed to better understand the sylvatic cycle and the clear role of wildlife in the epidemiology of these parasites in southern Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3871-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T11:02:47Z","timestamp":1578481367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Species-specific differences in Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in Namibian wildlife"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Seltmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gereon","family":"Schares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ortwin H. 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