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Two <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> species (<jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Biomphalaria camerunensis<\/jats:italic>) are involved in the transmission in Cameroon, where the disease is present nationwide. However, difficulty in the identification of both vectors impedes proper assessment of the epidemiological burden caused by each species. To overcome this issue, we designed a PCR-based molecular diagnostic tool to improve the identification of these species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> ribosomal DNA (rDNA) using polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The amplification of the ITS2 region of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> snails resulted in a 490 bp fragment and produced two profiles for each species after digestion with the restriction enzyme <jats:italic>Hpa<\/jats:italic> II. The profile 1 (Bc-HpaII-1: 212-bp and 139-bp bands) for <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>camerunensis<\/jats:italic>, was common in all the sampling points; the profile 2 (Bc-HpaII-2: 212-bp and 189-bp bands), was only observed in the Lake Monoun Njindoun sampling site. <jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> profile 1 (Bpf-HpaII-1: 211-bp and 128-bp bands) was common in most of <jats:italic>B. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> sampling points; the profile 2 (Bpf-HpaII-2: 289-bp and 128-bp bands) was only observed in Mokolo (Far North Cameroon).The second restriction enzyme <jats:italic>Taq<\/jats:italic>\u03b1I, revealed three band profiles, Bc-Taq\u03b1I-1 (243-bp, 136-bp and 118-bp bands) and Bc-Taq\u03b1I-2 (244-bp, 136-bp and 99-bp) for <jats:italic>B. camerunensis<\/jats:italic> and Bpf-Taq\u03b1I-1 (242-bp, 135-bp and 107-bp bands) for <jats:italic>B. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>. Sequencing analysis revealed the occurrence of six haplotypes for <jats:italic>B. camerunensis<\/jats:italic> and three haplotypes for <jats:italic>B. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>. The level of gene flow was low and the <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> populations were not in demographic expansion according to neutrality tests (Tajima\u2019s <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> and Fu\u2019s <jats:italic>Fs<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The PCR-RFLP technique revealed genetic diversity in <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> snails, and the combination with the morphological method could improve the identification of <jats:italic>B. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. camerunensis<\/jats:italic> in Cameroon. This could help focus on the infection to evaluate the transmission risk with respect of the different species and to develop efficient and cost-effective control measures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04033-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T19:04:49Z","timestamp":1585595089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["PCR-based molecular identification of two intermediate snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mureille Carole","family":"Tchami Mbagnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tito Tr\u00e9sor","family":"Melachio Tanekou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvine Christelle","family":"Kengne Fokam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Nguiffo Nguete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Sinclair","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flobert","family":"Njiokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"4033_CR1","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance","author":"DS Brown","year":"1980","unstructured":"Brown DS. 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