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Symptoms include inflammation, liver granuloma and fibrosis, whilst treatment options are still limited. This study aims to investigate whether and how traditional Chinese medicine Xiaochaihu decoction (XCH) could mitigate liver fibrosis caused by <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>BALB\/c mice were infected with <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> cercariae and treated with XCH for 16 weeks. Liver pathological changes were assessed by H&amp;E and Masson staining. NIH3T3 and Raw264.7 cells were treated with <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> egg antigens with or without XCH treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, immunfluorescence and ELISA were performed to determine the changes of levels of fibrogenic markers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>XCH protected mouse liver from injuries and fibrosis caused by <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection and considerably reduced egg burden in a dose-dependent manner. Infection with <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> caused elevation of serum ALT, AST, ALP, HA and PIIINP levels and reduction of ALB and GLOB levels, which was markedly suppressed by XCH. The upregulation of TGF-\u03b21, Hsp47, \u03b1-SMA, Col1A1 and Col3A1 in <jats:italic>S. japonicum-<\/jats:italic>infected mouse liver was also significantly inhibited by XCH. <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> egg antigens promoted the expression of Hsp47, TGF-\u03b21, Timp-1, \u03b1-SMA, Col1A1 and Col3A1 in NIH3T3 cells, and TGF-\u03b21, CTGF, IL-13, IL-17 and IL-6 in Raw264.7 cells, which was inhibited by XCH, LY2157299 and shRNA-Hsp47.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results demonstrated that the hepatic protective effects of Xiaochaihu decoction were mediated by HSP47\/TGF-\u03b2 axis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04121-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T19:04:59Z","timestamp":1589483099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Xiaochaihu decorction relieves liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection via the HSP47\/TGF-\u03b2 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunrong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshen","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","volume":"4","author":"DP McManus","year":"2018","unstructured":"McManus DP, Dunne DW, Sacko M, Utzinger J, Vennervald BJ, Zhou XN. 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