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Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , where\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles latens<\/jats:italic>\n                      was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (\n                      <jats:italic>SSU<\/jats:italic>\n                      rRNA) gene of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                      oxidase subunit 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>\n                      1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive samples for phylogenetic analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 5\n                      <jats:italic>An. donaldi<\/jats:italic>\n                      were found to have single\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections while 3 other\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      had either single, double or triple infections with\n                      <jats:italic>P. inui<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P. fieldi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Phylogenetic analysis of the\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium SSU<\/jats:italic>\n                      rRNA gene confirmed 3\n                      <jats:italic>An. donaldi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 3\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      with single\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections, while 3 other\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      had two or more\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species of\n                      <jats:italic>P. inui<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and some species of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                      that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and\/or\n                      <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 sequences of\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. donaldi<\/jats:italic>\n                      indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. donaldi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Previously\n                      <jats:italic>An. latens<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified as the vector for\n                      <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now\n                      <jats:italic>An. balabacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. donaldi<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04345-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T05:02:40Z","timestamp":1600146160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4710-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua X. 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