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It is still unclear how <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> causes disease, which presents an ongoing challenge for researchers. Despite the controversial findings on the association between <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> and clinical digestive manifestations, there is currently no consensus as to whether this protozoan actually behaves as a pathogen in humans. Furthermore, the relationship between <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> and the intestinal microbiota composition is not yet clear. For that reason, the aim of this study was to identify if colonization by <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> is related to changes in the diversity and relative abundance of bacterial communities, compared with those of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>-free individuals in a group of Colombian children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We took stool samples from 57 school-aged children attending a daycare institution in Popay\u00e1n (Southwest Colombia). Whole DNA was extracted and examined by <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic>-rRNA amplicon-based sequencing. <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> was detected by real time PCR and other intestinal parasites were detected by microscopy. We evaluated if <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> was associated with host variables and the diversity and abundance of microbial communities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The composition of the intestinal bacterial community was not significantly different between <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>-free and <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>-colonized children. Despite this, we observed a higher microbial richness in the intestines of children colonized by <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, which could, therefore, be considered a benefit to intestinal health. The phylum Firmicutes was the predominant taxonomic unit in both groups analyzed. In <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>-free individuals, there was a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes; similarly, in children colonized by <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, there was a higher relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria; however, no statistically significant differences were found between the comparison groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> showed a decrease in <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and an increase in the relative abundance of the genus <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>. It was also evident that the presence of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> was unrelated to dysbiosis at the intestinal level; on the contrary, its presence did not show statistically differences in the intestinal microbiota composition. Nevertheless, we believe that <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> plays a role in the ecology of the intestinal microbiota through its interaction with other microbial components.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04392-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T09:03:30Z","timestamp":1602839010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Microbiota characterization in Blastocystis-colonized and Blastocystis-free school-age children from Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximena","family":"Villamizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula C.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Reinel","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal Yhossef","family":"Tito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan David","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4392_CR1","first-page":"167","volume":"1","author":"I Wawrzyniak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wawrzyniak I, Poirier P, Texier C, Delbac F, Viscogliosi E, Dionigia M, et al. 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Because the participants were minors, written consent and informed consent were obtained from parents or guardians prior to sample collection. In the case of pets\u02bc samples; the owners provided a written consent for sample collection.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"521"}}