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To predict potential gene flow from one area to another, it is important to begin to understand mosquito dynamics outside of the commonly-sampled village areas, and thus how genes may move between villages. This study assessed the presence and relative abundance of mosquitoes in a 6-km corridor between two villages in western Burkina Faso.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The area surrounding the villages was mapped and the road between them was used as the basis of a transect along which to sample. Five collection points were placed along this transect. To investigate both larval and adult mosquito presence, multiple sampling approaches were used surrounding each point: searching for larval sites in an area of 500 m radius, swarm sampling, human landing catches (HLC), CDC light traps and backpack aspiration catches of potential resting sites. Sampling took place twice: in September and October 2015.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adult mosquitoes from six species of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> and three other genera were found along the whole transect. <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>s.l.<\/jats:italic>) was the most abundant followed by <jats:italic>Anopheles nili<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anopheles coustani<\/jats:italic>. Larvae of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp. were found in small pools of surface water along the whole transect, though their presence increased with human proximity. HLC and aspiration were the most efficient methods of collecting adult mosquitoes along the whole transect, indicating that there are both host-seeking and resting mosquitoes well away from core village areas. In contrast, swarms of male mosquitoes, thought to be the principle mating locations of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp. mosquitoes in West Africa, were only found close to the core village areas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This preliminary study indicates that <jats:italic>Anopheles spp.<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes are both present and breeding in low human-density areas along transit axes and provides both a relative evaluation of methods for use in these areas and evidence that gene flow between Sahelian population centres is likely. More robust and structured studies are nevertheless needed to come with stronger conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04403-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T10:03:36Z","timestamp":1602756216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) is found where few are looking: assessing mosquito diversity and density outside inhabited areas using diverse sampling methods"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Patric Stephane","family":"Epopa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoul Azize","family":"Millogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine Matilda","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ace R.","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark Quentin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Tripet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"O\u02bcLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roch K.","family":"Dabir\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges Anicet","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Diabat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30172-5","volume":"18","author":"I Kleinschmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kleinschmidt I, Bradley J, Knox TB, Mnzava AP, Kafy HT, Mbogo C, et al. 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Nature. 2017;552:96\u2013100.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04403-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04403-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04403-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T23:22:34Z","timestamp":1634253754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04403-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04403-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was part of a project which aimed to characterize entomologically several villages in Burkina Faso to understand local variation in mosquito species diversity and the seasonal dynamic of their abundance. The project received approval from the local institutional ethics committee (Centre Muraz Institutional Ethics Committee), reference number 009-2012\/CE-CM. All collectors, including those participating in HLC, received appropriate information, were given appropriate supervision and gave their prior informed consent to participate to the study. All HLC volunteers were tested for malaria before and after the study periods. Only malaria-safe individuals were admitted for HLC sampling and malaria treatments were available to all in case of infection (though none were recorded).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"516"}}