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Lack of affordable, specific and sensitive diagnostic tools hampers control of the parasite. This study assessed the performance of an antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) in the diagnosis of viable\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticercosis in naturally infected slaughter-age pigs in an endemic area in Tanzania.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 350 pigs were bled before they were slaughtered and their carcases examined. Serum was analyzed for circulating antigens by using a monoclonal antibody-based B158\/B60 Ag-ELISA. Each carcase was examined for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Taenia hydatigena<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci and half carcase musculature together with the whole brain, head muscles, tongue, heart and diaphragm were sliced with fine cuts (&lt;\u00a00.5\u00a0cm) to reveal and enumerate\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci. Half carcase dissection can detect at least 84% of infected pigs. Prevalence and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in Stata 12. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios were determined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2013nine pigs (8.3%, 95% CI: 5.6\u201311.7%) had viable\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci while 11 pigs had\n                      <jats:italic>T. hydatigena<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci (3.1%, 95% CI: 1.6\u20135.5%). No co-infection was observed. Sixty-eight pigs (19.4%, 95% CI: 15.4\u201320%) tested positive on Ag-ELISA; of these, 24 had\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci and 7 had\n                      <jats:italic>T. hydatigena<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci. Sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 82.7% and 86.3%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 35.2% and 98.2%, respectively. Likelihood ratios for positive and negative Ag-ELISA test results were 6.0 and 0.2, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the titre of circulating antigens and intensity of\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticerci (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>(348)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.63,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Ag-ELISA test characteristics reported in this study indicate that the test is more reliable in ruling out\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticercosis in pigs, than in confirming it. Hence, a negative result will almost certainly indicate that a pig has no infection, but a positive result should always be interpreted with caution. Estimates of\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalence based on Ag-ELISA results should, therefore, be adjusted for test performance characteristics and occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. hydatigena<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04416-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T08:05:57Z","timestamp":1603785957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Performance of Ag-ELISA in the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in naturally infected pigs in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mwemezi L.","family":"Kabululu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E. 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Owners of the animals signed informed consent forms to authorize the use of their animals in the original study, but no farmer was forced to sell their pig. Handling of animals adhered to OIE regulations and the Tanzania\u2019s Animal Welfare Act of 2008.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"534"}}