{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:28:20Z","timestamp":1760524100964,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Medical Management Center Cultivation plan","award":["PX2020071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PX2020071"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81672000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81672000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Thirteen-Fifth Key Project","award":["2018ZX10715-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-005"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospital Authority \u201cDengfeng\u201d Talent Training Plan","award":["DFL20191802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20191802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is a leading cause of brain  mass lesions (BML) in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)-infected patients. Yet, so far, no accurate diagnostic approach for TE has been developed. Herein, we presented a case series (9 HIV-infected patients with TG confirmed by RT-PCR of BML) to assess the diagnostic value of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on TE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 9 HIV-infected patients with TE confirmed by RT-PCR of BML were included in this study. Clinical data, including clinical symptoms, blood and CSF analysis, neuroimaging features, histopathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis, were assessed in all patients. According to the results of RT-PCR of BML, all the patients received oral administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patients were followed up by telephone or outpatient service.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were 8 male and 1 female patients; their age ranged from 26 to 56 years-old. The main symptom was intracranial hypertension (6\/9). Six patients presented multiple brain lesions, which were mainly located in the supratentorial area (7\/9). CD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> count ranged from 11 to 159 cells\/\u03bcl (median 92 cells\/\u03bcl), and serological HIV viral load 0\u2013989190 copies\/ml (median 192836 copies\/ml). IgG and IgM against serum TG were positive in 7 and 1 patients, respectively. Moreover, regarding CSF, IgG against TG was positive in 3 patients, while all patients were negative for IgM. The neuroimaging features on MRI showed no specificity. Four patients were diagnosed with TE by histopathological findings. After receiving anti-<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> therapy, 8 (8\/9) patients improved clinically to a considerable extent.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The application of RT-PCR of BML, together with conventional methods, may significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of TE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04443-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T03:02:57Z","timestamp":1604977377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic value of real-time PCR of brain mass lesion in HIV-associated toxoplasmic encephalitis: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing-Huan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"En-Shan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4443_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63849-6.00009-8","volume":"152","author":"CM Marra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marra CM. Central nervous system infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;152:117\u201322.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol."},{"key":"4443_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.05.015","volume":"8","author":"V Sudan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudan V, Tewari AK, Singh R, Singh H. Comparison of histopathology and PCR based assay for detection of experimentally induced toxoplasmosis in murine model. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8:447\u201350.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med."},{"key":"4443_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1086\/341301","volume":"35","author":"N Khetsuriani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khetsuriani N, Holman RC, Anderson LJ. Burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1988\u20131997. 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