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However, knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites of equids in Iran is still limited. The present review covers all the information about parasitic diseases of horses, donkeys, mules and wild asses in Iran published as articles in Iranian and international journals, dissertations and congress papers from 1931 to July 2020. Parasites so far described in Iranian equids include species of 9 genera of the Protozoa (\n Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Klossiella<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n ), 50 helminth species from the digestive system (i.e., 2 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 37 nematodes) and from other organs (i.e.,\n Schistosoma turkestanica<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dictyocaulus arnfieldi<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Parafilaria multipapillosa<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Setaria equina<\/jats:italic>\n and 3\n Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>\n spp.). Furthermore, 16 species of hard ticks, 3 mite species causing mange, 2 lice species, and larvae of 4\n Gastrophilus<\/jats:italic>\n species and\n Hippobosca equina<\/jats:italic>\n have been reported from equids in Iran. Archeoparasitological findings in coprolites of equids include\n Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Oxyuris equi<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Anoplocephala<\/jats:italic>\n spp\n .<\/jats:italic>\n and intestinal strongyles. Parasitic diseases are important issues in terms of animal welfare, economics and public health; however, parasites and parasitic diseases of equines have not received adequate attention compared with ruminants and camels in Iran. The present review highlights the knowledge gaps related to equines about the presence, species, genotypes and subtypes of\n Neospora hughesi<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n and microsporidia. Identification of ticks vectoring pathogenic parasites, bacteria and viruses has received little attention, too. The efficacy of common horse wormers also needs to be evaluated systematically.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04472-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T17:45:47Z","timestamp":1605807947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931\u20132020): a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Sazmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8471-4163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliasghar","family":"Bahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Papi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4472_CR1","unstructured":"Schmitt R. 1987. 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