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Systemic insecticides have been studied as an alternative to control vector-borne diseases, including VL. Fluralaner, an isoxazoline class compound, is a systemic insecticide used in dogs, with proven efficiency against different species of phlebotomine sand flies. However, to date no studies have demonstrated the efficacy of fluralaner on <jats:italic>Lu. longipalpis<\/jats:italic>. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto\u00ae) on the sand fly <jats:italic>Lu. longipalpis<\/jats:italic> after blood meal in treated dogs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Healthy mongrel dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups: fluralaner treated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) and non-treated control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Colony-reared female specimens of <jats:italic>Lu. longipalpis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) were allowed to feed on all dogs for 40 min before treatment (for fluralaner-treated dogs), at day 1 after treatment and then monthly until 1 year post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the treatment group, there was 100% mortality of <jats:italic>Lu. longipalpis<\/jats:italic> for up to 5 months after treatment initiation, decreasing to 72.5% at 6 months post-treatment initiation. The efficacy of fluralaner ranged from 100% at day 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0002) to 68% (\u2009<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.0015) at 6 months, decreasing to 1.4% at 1 year post-treatment. Sand fly mortality carried out blood meal in non-treated control dogs remained constant at \u2264\u200915%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Taken together, our results suggest that fluralaner may be used as a control strategy for VL in dogs in VL endemic areas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04489-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T12:04:34Z","timestamp":1607083474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fluralaner (Bravecto\u00ae) induces long-term mortality of Lutzomyia longipalpis after a blood meal in treated dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tamyres Bernadete Dantas","family":"Queiroga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique Rafael Pontes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilo Victor","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Louren\u00e7o","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente Toscano","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nia Cl\u00e1udia J\u00e1come","family":"da C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ciro","family":"Fagundes Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romeika Karla","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela Sales Lima","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Antonaci","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4564-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Marcos Matta","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4489_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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All experimental protocols were performed according to the Brazilian National Animal Care Ethical Council and the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under protocol number 136.061\/2018.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"609"}}