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The geographic distribution of both arthropod vectors and the pathogens they transmit continues to expand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To describe the current geographic distribution and prevalence of antigen of\n                      <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and antibody to\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. in dogs, we summarized over 144\u00a0million test results from 2013 to 2019, inclusive, by county, state, and region. Canine seroprevalence by state was compared to population-adjusted human reports of tick-borne diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results varied regionally, with\n                      <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigen and\n                      <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. antibodies more frequently detected in the Southeast (2.6% and 5.2%, respectively) and antibody to\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. most common in the Northeast (12.1% and 7.3%, respectively). Overall, percent positive test results to\n                      <jats:italic>D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased in the Southeast by 33.3% when compared to earlier summaries using the same strategy (from 3.9 to 2.6%). Geographic expansion of areas where dogs commonly test positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was evident, likely because of a change in the test made in 2012 to allow detection of antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic>E. ewingii<\/jats:italic>\n                      concomitant with expansion of vector tick populations. Percent positive test results to\n                      <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. increased in every region; this shift was particularly pronounced in the Southeast, where percent positive test results increased fourfold (from 1.3 to 5.2%). Continued geographic expansion of\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was apparent in the Northeast, Midwest, and Upper South, although canine seroprevalence of antibody to\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      was much lower than prior surveys in many Lyme-endemic areas. Annual reports of human cases of Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis were associated with percent positive canine results by state for the three tick-borne disease agents (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.812, 0.521, and 0.546, respectively). Within endemic areas, percent positive test results for all three tick-borne agents demonstrated evidence of geographic expansion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large scale analysis of results from screening dogs in practice for evidence of vector-borne infections, including those with zoonotic importance, continues to be a valuable strategy for understanding geographic trends in infection risk over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04514-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T13:03:54Z","timestamp":1609938234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Canine infection with Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in the United States, 2013\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Braff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Place","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Buch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagya Galkissa","family":"Dewage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Knupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Beall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.093","volume":"160","author":"D Bowman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bowman D, Little SE, Lorentzen L, Shields J, Sullivan MP, Carlin EP. 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All test results were provided anonymously.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"JBr, JBu, AK, and MB are employees of IDEXX. SL has received honoraria, expense reimbursement, and research support from several companies that manufacture parasite control and diagnostic products. JP and BD have no competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}