{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:12:38Z","timestamp":1789729958526,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Task Force for Global Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The World Health Organization has targeted lymphatic filariasis (LF) for elimination as a public health problem and recommends, among other measures, post-elimination surveillance of LF. The identification of sensitive and specific surveillance tools is therefore a research priority. The <jats:italic> Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic>-specific antigen Wb123-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Wb123 ELISA) detects antibodies to the recombinant Wb123 antigen of <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> and may be useful as a surveillance tool for LF. Six years after stopping mass drug administration to eliminate LF and recording successful results on two post-treatment transmission assessment surveys, a study was conducted in Togo aimed at helping to identify the role of the Wb123 ELISA in post-validation surveillance of LF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study in eight previously LF-endemic districts and one non-endemic district in Togo. In each sub-district of these nine districts, two schools were selected and 15 children aged 6 to 9\u00a0years old at each school provided finger-stick blood for testing for antibodies to Wb123 using the Filaria Detect\u2122 IgG4 ELISA kit\u00ae (InBios, International, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 2654 children aged 6 to 9\u00a0years old were tested in 134 schools in the nine districts. Overall, 4.7% (126\/2654) children tested positive for antibodies to the Wb123 antigen of <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic>. The prevalence of Wb123 antibodies varied across the eight previously endemic LF districts, from 1.56 to 6.62%. The highest prevalence, 6.99%, was found in the non-endemic district, but this was not significantly different from the average of all the LF districts (4.49%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.062).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Wb123 ELISA was positive in 4.7% of Togolese school-age children who were almost certainly unexposed to LF. This apparent lack of specificity in the Togo context makes it difficult to establish a seroprevalence threshold that could serve to signal LF resurgence in the country, precluding the use of this test for post-validation surveillance in Togo. There remains a need to develop a useful and reliable test for post-elimination surveillance for LF in humans.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04535-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T22:03:49Z","timestamp":1609970629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of the usefulness of anti-Wb123 antibody for post-elimination surveillance of lymphatic filariasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameyo Monique","family":"Dorkenoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adjaho","family":"Koba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wemboo A.","family":"Halatoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minongblon","family":"Teko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komlan","family":"Kossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kossi","family":"Yakpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Bronzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60586-7","volume":"376","author":"MJ Taylor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M. 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