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Although there is a continuous and growing number of cases registered in the state of Roraima, there is limited information regarding the species of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      that affect the human population. In this study, we aimed to characterize which\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      species cause human disease in those presenting with cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of the State of Roraima.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective surveillance study between 2016 to 2018 in health centers located in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Participants with clinical suspicion of CL were enrolled and provided lesion samples for parasitological detection by microscopy. A subset of the samples was tested by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1 PCR) for molecular species identification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 262 participants were enrolled in this study. Of those, 129 (49.27%) were positive by parasitological examination. Most positive subjects (81.58%) were male, and most cases presented a single lesion (80.26%). ITS-1 PCR and sequencing on a subset of 76 samples allowed us to detect nine different species of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      :\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L (V.) panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) guyanensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) naiffi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) shawi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L.(V.) utingensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L. (V.) lindenbergi, L. (L.) amazonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>L. (L.) mexicana<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study provides the first assessment of circulating species of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the State of Roraima, Brazil, and shows the high diversity in this region. This study opens the path for further research on the transmission of leishmaniasis in the northernmost Brazilian State including vector and reservoir surveillance as well as for intensification of investigation and control activities against CL in the region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04539-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T11:03:46Z","timestamp":1610017426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of Roraima, Brazil's Amazon Region"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0900-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseneide Viana","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian Ferreira","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5187-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa Alencastre","family":"Fuzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1087-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christie A.","family":"Joya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo O.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniella Castanheira","family":"Bartholomeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reginaldo Pe\u00e7anha","family":"Brazil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"4539_CR1","unstructured":"Brasil. 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All patients signed an informed consent form.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competitive interests"}}],"article-number":"32"}}