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Although they are known to mainly infect mammalian hosts with some blood-feeding arthropods having been confirmed as vectors, there is some evidence of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> association with non-mammalian hosts including birds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Here we used high-throughput sequencing of <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic> rRNA and Sanger sequencing of the citrate synthase (<jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>) genes to test for the presence of <jats:italic>Bartonellaceae<\/jats:italic> in the blood of three migratory cavity nesting bird species, purple martins (<jats:italic>Progne subis<\/jats:italic>), tree swallows (<jats:italic>Tachycineta bicolor<\/jats:italic>) and eastern bluebirds (<jats:italic>Sialia sialis<\/jats:italic>) and their most prevalent and abundant nest ectoparasites, <jats:italic>Dermanyssus prognephilus<\/jats:italic> (mite), <jats:italic>Ceratophyllus idius<\/jats:italic> (flea) and <jats:italic>Protocalliphora sialia<\/jats:italic> (bird blow fly larva). We constructed maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees to verify the placement of the resulting sequences in the <jats:italic>Bartonellaceae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We found evidence of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> in all three bird species and all three arthropod species tested. We report multiple instances of identical <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> sequences in both birds and parasites, leading to the likely hypothesis that these ectoparasites are potential vectors of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that \u2018avian <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\u2019 may form its own sub-clade within the genus <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first confirmation of overlapping <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> strains among bird hosts and various species of nest-associated ectoparasites from the same system, suggesting a possible <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> host\u2013vector relationship between these arthropods and a non-mammalian host. Our study adds to the growing appreciation of the <jats:italic>Bartonellaceae<\/jats:italic> as a phylogenetically diverse group with a wide range of hosts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3896-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T16:02:59Z","timestamp":1578672179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Expanding our view of Bartonella and its hosts: Bartonella in nest ectoparasites and their migratory avian hosts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-3866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Dittmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"3896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05009-11","volume":"25","author":"A Harms","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harms A, Dehio C. 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All relevant permits and permissions were obtained including US Fish and Wildlife Service monitoring and special use permit. #2016-002); US Fish and Wildlife Service scientific collecting permit (MB83070B-0); Federal bird banding permit (#08066); New York State Department of Environmental Conservation temporary revocable permit; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation license to collect of possess (scientific) (#1976) and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation license to collect or possess (banding) (#179).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13"}}