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Recently, zoonotic onchocercosis has been reported in humans worldwide. In Japan, <jats:italic>O. dewittei japonica<\/jats:italic> Uni, Bain &amp; Takaoka, 2001 from wild boars is a causative agent for this zoonosis. Many filarioid nematodes are infected with <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> endosymbionts which exhibit various evolutionary relationships with their hosts. While investigating the filarial fauna of Borneo, we discovered an undescribed <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic> species in the bearded pig <jats:italic>Sus barbatus<\/jats:italic> M\u00fcller (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We isolated <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic> specimens from bearded pigs and examined their morphology. For comparative material, we collected fresh specimens of <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic> Bain, Ramachandran, Petter &amp; Mak, 1977 from banded pigs (<jats:italic>S. scrofa vittatus<\/jats:italic> Boie) in Peninsular Malaysia. Partial sequences of three different genes (two mitochondrial genes, <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1 and <jats:italic>12S<\/jats:italic> rRNA, and one nuclear ITS region) of these filarioids were analysed. By multi-locus sequence analyses based on six genes (<jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic> rDNA, <jats:italic>ftsZ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>dnaA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>coxA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>fbpA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>gatB<\/jats:italic>) of <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>, we determined the supergroups in the specimens from bearded pigs and those of <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Onchocerca borneensis<\/jats:italic> Uni, Mat Udin &amp; Takaoka n. sp. is described on the basis of morphological characteristics and its genetic divergence from congeners. Molecular characteristics of the new species revealed its close evolutionary relationship with <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic>. Calculated p-distance for the <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1 gene sequences between <jats:italic>O. borneensis<\/jats:italic> n. sp. and <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic> was 5.9%, while that between <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>O. d. japonica<\/jats:italic> was 7.6%. No intraspecific genetic variation was found for the new species. <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> strains identified in the new species and <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic> belonged to supergroup C and are closely related.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our molecular analyses of filarioids from Asian suids indicate that the new species is sister to <jats:italic>O. d. dewittei<\/jats:italic>. On the basis of its morphological and molecular characteristics, we propose to elevate <jats:italic>O. d. japonica<\/jats:italic> to species level as <jats:italic>O. japonica<\/jats:italic> Uni, Bain &amp; Takaoka, 2001. Coevolutionary relationships exist between the <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> strains and their filarial hosts in Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3907-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T16:07:07Z","timestamp":1581005227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Description, molecular characteristics and Wolbachia endosymbionts of Onchocerca borneensis Uni, Mat Udin &amp; Takaoka n. sp. 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