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Each group comprised 8 animals and the treatment dose was 10\u00a0mg\/kg bodyweight (bw) imidacloprid and 1\u00a0mg\/kg bw moxidectin in each study. Prevention of the establishment of patent infections was evaluated by two treatments at a monthly interval at three different time points before and after challenge infection. Curative efficacy was tested by one or three treatments after the onset of patency. Worm counts at necropsy were used for efficacy calculations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In Study 1, the control group had a geometric mean (GM) of 28.8 adult nematodes and the single treatment group had a GM of 3.4 (efficacy 88.3%). In Study 2, the control group had a GM of 14.3, the prevention group had a GM of 0 (efficacy 100%), while the treatment group had a GM of 0.1 (efficacy 99.4%). In Study 3, the GM worm burden in the control group was 32.6 compared to 0 in all three prevention groups (efficacy 100% for all of those groups).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The monthly administration of Advocate\u00ae reliably eliminated early larval stages and thereby prevented lung damage from and patent infections with <jats:italic>A. abstrusus<\/jats:italic> in cats. Regarding treatment, a single application of Advocate\u00ae reduced the worm burden, but it did not sufficiently clear the infection. In contrast, three monthly treatments were safe and highly efficacious against <jats:italic>A. abstrusus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3937-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T17:02:43Z","timestamp":1581526963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy of imidacloprid 10%\/moxidectin 1% spot-on formulation (Advocate\u00ae) in the prevention and treatment of feline aelurostrongylosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lea","family":"Heuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Petry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Pollmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Schaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Deuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Blazejak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Di Cesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Traversa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Schnyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"McKay-Demeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"von Samson-Himmelstjerna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mangold-Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15588455","volume":"17","author":"MG Pennisi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pennisi MG, Hartmann K, Addie DD, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, et al. 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HS works at BioMedVet Research GmbH, where one of the studies was conducted. At the time that one of the studies took place, ADC held a PhD fellowship supported by Bayer Animal Health at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Teramo, Italy. She and DT are currently employed by said faculty. KB and CS work at the Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. MS is employed by the Institute of Parasitology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. GSH works at the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Germany. JMD was employed by the aforementioned Institute at the time of study conduct.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"65"}}