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However, estimates of the reduction in abundance following these treatments typically focus on single events, rely on pre-defined, untreated control sites and can vary widely due to stochastic variation in population dynamics and trapping success unrelated to the treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To overcome these limitations, we developed generalized additive models fitted to mosquito surveillance data collected from CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -baited traps in Sacramento and Yolo counties, California from 2006 to 2017. The models accounted for the expected spatial and temporal trends in the abundance of adult female\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Cx.<\/jats:italic>\n                      )\n                      <jats:italic>tarsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the absence of aerial spraying. Estimates for the magnitude of deviation from baseline abundance following aerial spray events were obtained from the models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 1-week post-treatment with full spatial coverage of the trapping area by pyrethroid or pyrethrin products,\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance was reduced by a mean of 52.4% (95% confidence intrval [CI] \u2212\u00a065.6, \u2212\u00a036.5%) while the use of at least one organophosphate pesticide resulted in a mean reduction of 76.2% (95% CI \u2212\u00a082.8, \u2212\u00a067.9%). For\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. tarsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , at 1-week post-treatment with full coverage there was a reduction in abundance of 30.7% (95% CI \u2212\u00a054.5, 2.5%). Pesticide class was not a significant factor contributing to the reduction. In comparison, repetition of spraying over three to four consecutive weeks resulted in similar estimates for\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      and estimates of somewhat smaller magnitude for\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. tarsalis.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aerial adulticides are effective for achieving a rapid short-term reduction of the abundance of the primary West Nile virus vectors,\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. tarsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      . A larger magnitude of reduction was estimated in\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                      , possibly due to the species\u2019 focal distribution. Effects of aerial sprays on\n                      <jats:italic>Cx. tarsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations are likely modulated by the species\u2019 large dispersal ability, population sizes and vast productive larval habitat present in the study area. Our modeling approach provides a new way to estimate effects of public health pesticides on vector populations using routinely collected observational data and accounting for spatio-temporal trends and contextual factors like weather and habitat. This approach does not require pre-selected control sites and expands upon past studies that have focused on the effects of individual aerial treatment events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04616-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T08:03:59Z","timestamp":1614153839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Spatio-temporal impacts of aerial adulticide applications on populations of West Nile virus vector mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7941-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"4616_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289b","volume":"11","author":"EB Hayes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hayes EB, Sejvar JJ, Zaki SR, Lanciotti RS, Bode AV, Campbell GL. 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