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The Ikeda strain of\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n is more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs and death of up to 5% of affected animals. Within the Asia\u2013Pacific region, where it affects 25% of Australian cattle,\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry. In 2017,\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda was detected in a cattle herd in Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, the U.S. was alerted to the invasion of the Asian longhorned tick,\n Haemaphysalis longicornis,<\/jats:italic>\n throughout the eastern U.S. Abundant\n H.<\/jats:italic>\n longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n ticks were identified on cattle in the\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis-<\/jats:italic>\n affected herd in VA, and a subset of ticks from the environment were PCR-positive for\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda. A strain of\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n from a previous U.S. outbreak was not transmissible by\n H.<\/jats:italic>\n longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n ; however,\n H.<\/jats:italic>\n longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n is the primary tick vector of\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda in other regions of the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether invasive\n H.<\/jats:italic>\n longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n ticks in the U.S. are competent vectors of\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Nymphal\n H.<\/jats:italic>\n longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n ticks were fed on a splenectomized calf infected with the VA-U.S.-\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda strain. After molting, a subset of adult ticks from this cohort were dissected, and salivary glands assayed for\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda via qPCR. The remaining adult ticks from the group were allowed to feed on three calves. Calves were subsequently monitored for\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda infection via blood smear cytology and PCR.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After acquisition feeding on a VA-U.S.-\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda-infected calf as nymphs, a subset of molted adult tick salivary glands tested positive by qPCR for\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda. Adult ticks from the same cohort successfully transmitted\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda to 3\/3 na\u00efve calves, each of which developed parasitemia reaching 0.4\u20130.9%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings demonstrate that U.S.\n H.<\/jats:italic>\n longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n ticks are competent vectors of the VA-U.S.-\n T.<\/jats:italic>\n orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n Ikeda strain. This data provides important information for the U.S. cattle industry regarding the potential spread of this parasite and the necessity of enhanced surveillance and control measures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04659-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T08:11:47Z","timestamp":1615882307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kelcey D.","family":"Dinkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Herndon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin K.","family":"Lahmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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