{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:40:58Z","timestamp":1788482458940,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Credelio\u2122 (lotilaner; Elanco) is indicated for the treatment of flea and tick infestations on cats at a recommended lotilaner dose rate of 6\u201324\u00a0mg\/kg. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lotilaner following a single oral administration to cats for the treatment and prevention of adult <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis<\/jats:italic> fleas and flea egg production under laboratory conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two treatment groups of ten cats each were used in this study. One group was treated with lotilaner at a dose rate of 6\u22129\u00a0mg\/kg on Day 0 and the other group served as the control group. Each cat was infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days \u20131, 6, 13, 20 and 29. At 24\u00a0h post-treatment or post-infestation, each cat was combed to remove and count adult live fleas. At each time point, flea eggs were also collected and counted from under each cat cage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Following a single oral administration of lotilaner at a minimum dose rate of 6\u00a0mg\/kg (range 6.00\u22128.57\u00a0mg\/kg), the lotilaner group displayed 100%, 100%, 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.8% efficacy against adult live flea counts as compared to the control group on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30, respectively. At each time point, adult flea counts from the lotilaner-treated cats were significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) than from the control group. A mean flea egg count of\u00a022.6 in the lotilaner-treated cats (compared to 441.7 in the control animals) was observed 24\u00a0h post-treatment. No eggs were present from any of the treated cats on Days\u00a07, 14 and 30 and a single egg was detected on a single treated cat on Day 21. One adverse event (regurgitated food) was observed during the study in one treated cat approximately 1\u00a0h after dosing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lotilaner was well tolerated; only one adverse event was observed in the treated group. Virtually all adult fleas were killed within 24\u00a0h post-treatment or post-infestation in cats treated with a single dose of lotilaner as compared to the control group, thus significantly reducing the number of flea eggs being produced for 30\u00a0days after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04660-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T11:03:56Z","timestamp":1614942236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of lotilaner (Credelio\u2122) against experimentally induced infestations of the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and flea eggs following oral administration to cats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tandy","family":"Paarlberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Karadzovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Helbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020278","volume":"9","author":"JM Rolain","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rolain JM, Franc M, Davoust B, Raoult D. Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, B. koehlerae, B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis, and Wolbachia pipientis in cat fleas, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:338\u201342.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"4660_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.42.1.451","volume":"42","author":"MK Rust","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rust MK, Dryden MW. The biology, ecology, and management of the cat flea. Annu Rev Entomol. 1997;42:451\u201373.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"4660_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90171-4","volume":"34","author":"MW Dryden","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dryden MW. Host Association, on host longevity and egg production of Ctenocephalides felis. Vet Parasitol. 1989;34:117\u201322.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4660_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.07.001","volume":"39","author":"B Blagburn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blagburn B, Dryden M. Biology, treatment and control of flea and tick infestations. Vet Clin of Small Anim. 2009;39:1173\u2013200.","journal-title":"Vet Clin of Small Anim"},{"key":"4660_CR5","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Credelio European Product Information. 2017. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/veterinary\/004247\/WC500227518.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2019."},{"key":"4660_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2972-8","volume":"11","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (CredelioTM) against Ctenocephalides felis on cats. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:408.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4660_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2968-4","volume":"11","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy and speed of kill of lotilaner (CredelioTM) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on cats. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:413.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4660_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2969-3","volume":"11","author":"EA Kuntz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuntz EA, Kammanadiminti S. Safety of lotilaner flavoured chewable tablets (CredelioTM) after oral administration in cats. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:409.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4660_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2966-6","volume":"11","author":"CE Toutain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toutain CE, Seewald W, Jung M. Pharmacokinetics of lotilaner following a single oral or intravenous administration in cats. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:412.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4660_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2967-5","volume":"11","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. A randomized, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (CredelioTM) in controlling ticks in client-owned cats in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:411.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4660_CR11","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use. Guideline on Good Clinical Practice.VICH topic GL9, 2000. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2009\/10\/WC500004343.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2019."},{"key":"4660_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.003","volume":"194","author":"AA Marchiondo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Fourie LJ, Rugg D, Hellmann K, Snyder DE, Dryden MW, World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition: guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestations on dogs and cat. Vet Parasitol. 2013;194:84\u201397.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04660-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04660-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04660-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T11:10:46Z","timestamp":1635851446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04660-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04660-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in compliance with Good Clinical Practices (VICH guideline GL9) [] and in accordance with the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluation parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestation on dogs and cats []. The study was reviewed and approved by the laboratory\u2019s Animal Care and Use Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"TP is an employee of Elanco Animal Health. DK and RH were employees at Elanco at the time of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"139"}}