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This species is, therefore, not effectively targeted using core malaria vector control interventions alone. Additionally, increasing resistance to available insecticides necessitates investigations into complementary non-insecticide-based vector control methods for outdoor-resting mosquitoes. The feasibility of the sterile insect technique (SIT) as a complementary vector control intervention is being investigated in South Africa. Successful implementation of an SIT programme largely depends on inundating a target insect population with sterilized laboratory-bred males. Therefore, knowledge of the native population size and dispersal ability of released sterile laboratory-reared males is critical. In this study, we estimated the male\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      population size and the dispersal of released males\u00a0in an area targeted for a pilot sterile male release programme.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three separate releases were performed within a 2-year period. Approximately 5000\u201315,000 laboratory-reared male\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (KWAG) were produced and marked for mark\u2013release\u2013recapture experiments. To recapture released mosquitoes, cloth tubes were deployed in widening concentric circles. The average dispersal distance of released males was calculated and the wild male\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      population size was estimated using two Lincoln index formulae. The natural population was sampled concurrently and\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      species diversity examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex and\n                      <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group species made up the majority of wild collections along with other anophelines. The\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      population size was estimated to be between 550 and 9500 males per hectare depending on time of year, weather conditions and method used. Average dispersal distance of marked males ranged from 58 to 86\u00a0m. Marked males were found in swarms with wild males, indicating that laboratory-reared males are able to locate and participate in mating swarms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was logistically feasible to conduct mark\u2013release\u2013recapture studies at the current scale. The population size estimates obtained may provide a guideline for the initial number of males to use for a pending SIT pilot trial. It is promising for future SIT trials that laboratory-reared marked males participated in natural swarms, appearing at the right place at the right time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04674-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T14:14:58Z","timestamp":1618841698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Estimates of the population size and dispersal range of Anopheles arabiensis in Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for a planned pilot programme to release sterile male mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver R.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Damiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basil D.","family":"Brooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizette L.","family":"Koekemoer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Givemore","family":"Munhenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4674_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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