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It is suggested that helminths are capable of evading and manipulating the host immune system through the release of a spectrum of worm proteins which underpins their long-term survival in the host. We hypothesise that the worm overexpresses these proteins when infecting adults compared to children to cirvumvent the more robust defence mechanisms of adults. However, little is known about the parasite\u2019s genes and encoded proteins involved during <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> infection. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the expression profile of putative virulence-associated genes during an active infection of adults and children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate the expression profile of putative virulence-associated genes in <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> isolated from infected children and adults. The study was initiated by collecting adult worms expelled from adults and children following anthelminthic treatment. High-quality RNA was successfully extracted from each of six adult worms expelled by three adults and three children, respectively. Eleven putative homologues of helminth virulence-associated genes reported in previous studies were selected, primers were designed and specific amplicons of <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> genes were noted. The expression profiles of these putative virulence-associated genes in <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> from infected adults were compared to those in <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> from infected children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The putative virulence-associated genes <jats:italic>VENOM<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CADHERIN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>PEBP<\/jats:italic> were significantly upregulated at 166-fold, 13-fold and fivefold, respectively, in adults compared to children. Conversely, the transcription of <jats:italic>ABA-1<\/jats:italic> (fourfold), <jats:italic>CATH-L<\/jats:italic> (threefold) and <jats:italic>INTEGRIN<\/jats:italic> (twofold) was significantly suppressed in <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> from infected adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>On the basis of the expression profile of the putative virulence-associated genes, we\npropose that the encoded proteins have potential roles in evasion mechanisms, which could guide the development of therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04680-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1616504565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of Ascaris lumbricoides putative virulence-associated genes when infecting a human host"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Norashikin","family":"Mohd-Shaharuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne Ai Lian","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romano","family":"Ngui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2132-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"4680_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"T Vos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, et al. 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