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At present only two cases of overt babesiosis in humans have so far been reported in Sweden. To better understand the potential role of birds as disseminators of zoonotic <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> protozoan parasites, we investigated the presence of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> species in ticks removed from migratory birds.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ticks were collected from birds captured at Ottenby Bird Observatory, south-eastern Sweden, from March to November 2009. Ticks were molecularly identified to species, and morphologically to developmental stage, and the presence of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> protozoan parasites was determined by real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 4601 migratory birds of 65 species were examined for tick infestation. Ticks removed from these birds have previously been investigated for the presence of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> bacteria and the tick-borne encephalitis virus. In the present study, a total of 1102 ticks were available for molecular analysis of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> protozoan parasites. We found that 2.4% of the ticks examined, all <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>, were positive for mammal-associated <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> species. Out of all <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>-positive samples, <jats:italic>Babesia venatorum<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent (58%) species, followed by <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic> (38%) and <jats:italic>Babesia capreoli<\/jats:italic> (4.0%). <jats:italic>B. venatorum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. capreoli<\/jats:italic> were detected in <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic> larvae, whereas <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> was only present in <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic> nymphs. This supports the view that the two first-mentioned species are vertically (transovarially) transmitted in the tick population, in contrast to <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>. The largest number of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>-infected ticks was removed from the common redstart (<jats:italic>Phoenicurus phoenicurus<\/jats:italic>) and European robin (<jats:italic>Erithacus rubecula<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study reveals that <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> protozoan parasites are present in ticks infesting migratory birds in south-eastern Sweden, which could potentially lead to the dissemination of these tick-borne microorganisms into new areas, thus posing a threat to humans and other mammals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04684-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T12:03:07Z","timestamp":1617278587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Three Babesia species in Ixodes ricinus ticks from migratory birds in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilhelmsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Pawe\u0142czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G. 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