{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:16:56Z","timestamp":1773119816028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association of African Universities","award":["PC\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC\/06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The impact of single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin for onchocerciasis on mosquito populations was investigated in Ogun State, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Indoor and outdoor collection of mosquitoes was carried out in two intervention (IC) and two control communities (CC) at three different periods: pre-MDA (baseline), 2\u20133\u00a0days after MDA and 13\u201314\u00a0days after MDA. The density and parity rate of female\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes were determined and compared. Environmental and climatic data of study locations were obtained to perform generalized linear model analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 1399 female mosquitoes were collected, including 1227\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n and 172\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes. There was a similar magnitude of reduction in the indoor density of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n by 29% in the IC and CC 2\u20133\u00a0days post-MDA but the reduction in indoor parity rate was significantly higher (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.021) in the IC, reducing by more than 50%. In the IC, observation of a significant reduction at 2\u20133\u00a0days post-MDA was consistent for both the indoor density (1.43 to 1.02) and indoor parity rate (95.35% to 44.26%) of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes. The indoor parity rate of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n remained significantly reduced (75.86%) 13\u201314 post-MDA. On the other hand, the indoor density of\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n increased from 0.07 to 0.10 at 2\u20133\u00a0days post-MDA while the indoor parity rate of\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n did not change. The outdoor density of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n in the IC increased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.394) from 0.58 to 0.90 at 2\u20133\u00a0days post-MDA; a similar observation was consistent for the outdoor density (2.83 to 3.90) and outdoor parity rate (70.59% to 97.44%) of\n Culex<\/jats:italic>\n , while the outdoor parity rate of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n reduced from 85.71 to 66.67% at 2\u20133\u00a0days post-MDA. A generalized linear model showed that ivermectin MDA significantly caused a reduction in both the indoor density (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and indoor parity rate (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003) of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n in the IC.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Ivermectin MDA resulted in the reduction of both the survival and density of\n Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n mosquitoes. This has strong implications for malaria transmission, which depends strongly on vector survival.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04716-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T05:03:36Z","timestamp":1618895016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impacts of ivermectin mass drug administration for onchocerciasis on mosquito populations of Ogun state, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaitan Olamide","family":"Omitola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia Uchechukwu","family":"Umunnakwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adedotun Ayodeji","family":"Bayegun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Akinjide","family":"Anifowose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7330-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammed Oladeji","family":"Mogaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinola Stephen","family":"Oluwole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon Nnayere","family":"Odoemene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiwo Sam","family":"Awolola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adebola Adedoyin","family":"Osipitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sammy Olufemi","family":"Sam-Wobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0543-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwem Friday","family":"Ekpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4716_CR1","unstructured":"ISGlobal. 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Permission was also obtained from the Department of Primary Healthcare of Odeda LGA and the primary healthcare facilities for each of the selected communities. Communities assented to the study through verbal consents from the village heads and community leaders. The research purpose and protocol were explained in the local language in a meeting with the community leaders. Houses and households were enrolled for the study after consents were obtained from the head of the household.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"212"}}