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Ticks are vectors of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and they contribute to the transmission of the pathogen. A tool for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      from ticks is important for the prevention of Q fever.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ultra-rapid real-time PCR (UR-qPCR) as a chip-based real-time PCR system was developed for the detection of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      from ticks. The UR-qPCR system was established and evaluated for the rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      detection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected using UR-qPCR from 5644 larval, nymphal, and adult ticks from 408 pools collected from livestock and epidemiologically linked environments in two provinces, Gangwon and Jeju, in Korea. Ticks from three species were identified;\n                      <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted for the highest number, present in 333 of 408 pools (81.62%)\n                      <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                      followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis flava<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 62 pools (15.19%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes nipponensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 13 pools (3.19%). The rapidity and sensitivity of PCR detection was demonstrated with the sufficient amplification and detection of approximately 56 copies of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA with only 20\u00a0min of PCR amplification. The kappa value for the diagnostic agreement between UR-qPCR and stationary qPCR was in perfect agreement (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091). PCR detection and sequencing indicated that\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was present in 5 of the 408 pools (1.23%), in which four pools contained\n                      <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and one pool contained\n                      <jats:italic>H. flava<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The infection rates of\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the tick pools collected from Gangwon and Jeju Provinces were 1.70% and 0.58%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between the detected\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and those originating from goats, humans, and ticks in different countries, such as the USA, France, Germany, and Serbia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The methods described in this study could be important for the prevention and control of Q fever in the two provinces. The UR-qPCR, with its features of mobility, sensitivity, and rapidity, is helpful for constructing early alert systems in the field for\n                      <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in ticks and could help alleviate the transmission of and economic damage due to Q fever.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04744-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T07:02:42Z","timestamp":1620284562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Real-time PCR biochip for on-site detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A.-Tai","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Ram","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Sun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon-Seek","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Taek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1346-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Sang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4744_CR1","first-page":"687","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s manual of systematic bacteriology","author":"E Weiss","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weiss E, Moulder JW. 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