{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:31:54Z","timestamp":1785465114591,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region of Southern Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006197","name":"Fonden til L\u00e6gevidenskabens Fremme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021817","name":"Knud og Edith Eriksens Mindefond","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Various tick-borne infections like borreliosis and rickettsiosis pose a health risk to humans in many parts of the world. We investigated seroprevalence of and seroconversion to <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp. and relation to tick-bites, weather and clinical manifestations in Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Blood donors were enrolled at the Hospital of Southern Jutland in June\u2013July with follow-up November\u2013February of 2018 and 2019. Blood samples were collected, and a questionnaire regarding tick bites, potential exposures and symptoms was completed at each visit. Samples were tested for presence of IgM and IgG antibodies directed against <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp. using <jats:italic>R. helvetica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. felis<\/jats:italic> as antigens. Data were examined for correlation between tick bites, serological results, potential exposures and symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two-hundred and fourteen (93 follow-ups) and 130 (38 follow-ups) blood donors were included in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The total borrelia seroconversion rate was 6.3% (CI 2.1\u201310.5), while the prevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies was 7.8% (CI 4.9\u201310.6) and 6.7% (CI 4\u20139.3), respectively. Seroconversion to <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp. was detected in one participant. Tick bites and seroconversion were not significantly associated with the reported unspecific symptoms, but unspecific symptoms were common in the study population. There was no significant difference in number of tick bites or seroconversion\/prevalence between seasons with highly alternating weather.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Results suggest that weather conditions in an individual year have a limited impact. Anti-<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-antibodies do not seem to persist in serum for several years. Rickettsiosis is of limited concern in Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04751-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T09:06:52Z","timestamp":1622279212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of factors influencing tick bites and tick-borne infections: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo B\u00f8dker","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mie Topholm","family":"Bruun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Moestrup","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Kristian","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Edouard","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurdur","family":"Skarphedinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"4751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30569","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.27.30569","volume":"22","author":"CC van den Wijngaard","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Wijngaard CC, et al. Surveillance perspective on Lyme borreliosis across the European Union and European Economic Area. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(27):30569.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"18","key":"4751_CR2","first-page":"V01170026","volume":"179","author":"LF Ocias","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ocias LF, et al. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme borreliosis. Ugeskr Laeger. 2017;179(18):V01170026.","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"issue":"4","key":"4751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-13","volume":"26","author":"P Parola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parola P, et al. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(4):657\u2013702.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"20","key":"4751_CR4","first-page":"V01170027","volume":"179","author":"BB Jensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jensen BB, et al. Tick-borne infections in Denmark. Ugeskr Laeger. 2017;179(20):V01170027.","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-018-0163-7","volume":"17","author":"A Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, et al. An updated meta-analysis of the distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in ticks in Europe. Int J Health Geogr. 2018;17(1):41.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"4751_CR6","first-page":"23","volume":"77","author":"JF Anderson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Anderson JF. Epizootiology of Lyme borreliosis. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1991;77:23\u201334.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"4751_CR7","first-page":"323","volume":"79","author":"JS Gray","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gray JS. The development and seasonal activity of the tick, Ixodes ricinus: a vector of Lyme borreliosis. Rev Med Vet Entomol. 1991;79:323\u201333.","journal-title":"Rev Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"4751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593232","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/593232","volume":"2009","author":"JS Gray","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gray JS, et al. Effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Europe. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2009;2009:593232.","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4751_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410020776","volume":"36","author":"H Nielsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nielsen H, et al. Serological and molecular evidence of Rickettsia helvetica in Denmark. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004;36(8):559\u201363.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540802530653","volume":"41","author":"CB Svendsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Svendsen CB, Krogfelt KA, Jensen PM. Detection of Rickettsia spp. in Danish ticks (Acari: Ixodes ricinus) using real-time PCR. Scand J Infect Dis. 2009;41(1):70\u20132.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_256.x","volume":"115","author":"S Skarphedinsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skarphedinsson S, et al. Detection and identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Rickettsia helvetica in Danish Ixodes ricinus ticks. APMIS. 2007;115(3):225\u201330.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"2","key":"4751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.01.004","volume":"1","author":"B Kantso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kantso B, et al. Seasonal and habitat variation in the prevalence of Rickettsia helvetica in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Denmark. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2010;1(2):101\u20133.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"4751_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0843-0","volume":"8","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stensvold CR, et al. Babesia spp. and other pathogens in ticks recovered from domestic dogs in Denmark. Parasites Vectors. 2015;8:262.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"5","key":"4751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.05.016","volume":"10","author":"K Klitgaard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klitgaard K, et al. Multiple infections in questing nymphs and adult female Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a recreational forest in Denmark. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2019;10(5):1060\u20135.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"4751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00103","volume":"4","author":"L Michelet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Michelet L, et al. High-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014;4:103.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76334-5","volume":"10","author":"LJ Kj\u00e6r","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kj\u00e6r LJ, et al. Spatial patterns of pathogen prevalence in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia, 2016. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):19376.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"4751_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.2.399","volume":"115","author":"K Hansen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hansen K, Lebech AM. The clinical and epidemiological profile of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark 1985\u20131990. A prospective study of 187 patients with Borrelia burgdorferi specific intrathecal antibody production. Brain. 1992;115(Pt 2):399\u2013423.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"4751_CR18","first-page":"A5084","volume":"62","author":"BB Petersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petersen BB, Moller JK, Vilholm OJ. Season is an unreliable predictor of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Dan Med J. 2015;62(6):A5084.","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"4751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix568","volume":"65","author":"FC Knudtzen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knudtzen FC, et al. Characteristics and clinical outcome of Lyme neuroborreliosis in a high endemic area, 1995\u20132014: a retrospective cohort study in Denmark. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(9):1489\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"4751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-725","volume":"107","author":"AC Steere","year":"1987","unstructured":"Steere AC, Schoen RT, Taylor E. The clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(5):725\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"4751_CR21","first-page":"81","volume":"77","author":"MR van der Linde","year":"1991","unstructured":"van der Linde MR. Lyme carditis: clinical characteristics of 105 cases. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1991;77:81\u20134.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"issue":"28","key":"4751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21184","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.28.21184","volume":"20","author":"RB Dessau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dessau RB, et al. Improving national surveillance of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark through electronic reporting of specific antibody index testing from 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(28):21184.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"4","key":"4751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0604.000412","volume":"6","author":"PE Fournier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fournier PE, et al. Evidence of Rickettsia helvetica infection in humans, eastern France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6(4):389\u201392.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.816-818.2004","volume":"42","author":"PE Fournier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fournier PE, et al. Aneruptive fever associated with antibodies to Rickettsia helvetica in Europe and Thailand. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(2):816\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.06.005","volume":"58","author":"K Nilsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nilsson K. Septicaemia with Rickettsia helvetica in a patient with acute febrile illness, rash and myasthenia. J Infect. 2009;58(1):79\u201382.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101303","volume":"11","author":"LF Ocias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ocias LF, et al. Emerging tick-borne pathogens in the Nordic countries: a clinical and laboratory follow-up study of high-risk tick-bitten individuals. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020;11(1):101303.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"9185","key":"4751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04093-3","volume":"354","author":"K Nilsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nilsson K, Lindquist O, Pahlson C. Association of Rickettsia helvetica with chronic perimyocarditis in sudden cardiac death. Lancet. 1999;354(9185):1169\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.090184","volume":"16","author":"K Nilsson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nilsson K, Elfving K, Pahlson C. Rickettsia helvetica in patient with meningitis, Sweden, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16(3):490\u20132.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4751_CR29","first-page":"469194","volume":"2011","author":"K Nilsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nilsson K, Wallmenius K, Pahlson C. Coinfection with Rickettsia helvetica and herpes simplex virus 2 in a young woman with meningoencephalitis. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2011;2011:469194.","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.016","volume":"9","author":"LF Ocias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ocias LF, et al. Rickettsioses in Denmark: a retrospective survey of clinical features and travel history. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018;9(3):573\u20139.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.3.545-551.1989","volume":"27","author":"K Hansen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hansen K, Asbrink E. Serodiagnosis of erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by the Borrelia burgdorferi flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27(3):545\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"4751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mygland A, et al. EFNS guidelines on the diagnosis and management of European Lyme neuroborreliosis. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17(1):8\u201316, e1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02862.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"4751_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1506.080855","volume":"15","author":"JM Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang JM, et al. Diagnosis of Queensland tick typhus and African tick bite fever by PCR of lesion swabs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(6):963\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"4751_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110332","volume":"17","author":"N Mouffok","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mouffok N, et al. Diagnosis of rickettsioses from eschar swab samples, Algeria. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(10):1968\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4751_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-317","volume":"10","author":"RB Dessau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dessau RB, et al. Utilization of serology for the diagnosis of suspected Lyme borreliosis in Denmark: survey of patients seen in general practice. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:317.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4751_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.10.006","volume":"15","author":"L Fryland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fryland L, et al. Low risk of developing Borrelia burgdorferi infection in the south-east of Sweden after being bitten by a Borrelia burgdorferi-infected tick. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15(3):e174\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4751_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007404620701","volume":"14","author":"H Fahrer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fahrer H, et al. Longterm survey (7 years) in a population at risk for Lyme borreliosis: what happens to the seropositive individuals? Eur J Epidemiol. 1998;14(2):117\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4751_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117033","volume":"139","author":"BS Schwartz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schwartz BS, Goldstein MD, Childs JE. Longitudinal study of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in New Jersey outdoor workers, 1988\u20131991. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139(5):504\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4751_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549309008549","volume":"25","author":"R Gustafson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gustafson R, et al. Antibody prevalence and clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in Swedish orienteers. Scand J Infect Dis. 1993;25(5):605\u201311.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4751_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300212","volume":"30","author":"K Hansen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hansen K, Lebech AM. Lyme neuroborreliosis: a new sensitive diagnostic assay for intrathecal synthesis of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific immunoglobulin G, A, and M. Ann Neurol. 1991;30(2):197\u2013205.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.1_Part_1.169","volume":"43","author":"S Hammers-Berggren","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hammers-Berggren S, et al. Borrelia burgdorferi-specific intrathecal antibody production in neuroborreliosis: a follow-up study. Neurology. 1993;43(1):169\u201375.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4751_CR42","volume-title":"Research unit of clinical microbiology","author":"NS Andersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andersen NS. Tick-borne infections in Denmark\u2014with special emphasis on tick-borne encephalitis. In: Research unit of clinical microbiology. Odense: University of Southern Denmark; 2019."},{"issue":"12","key":"4751_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2312.170919","volume":"23","author":"K Klitgaard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klitgaard K, et al. Identification of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks carrying Rickettsia raoultii on migrating Jackal, Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(12):2072\u20134.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4751_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.071546","volume":"14","author":"J Gilles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilles J, et al. Rickettsia felis in fleas, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(8):1294\u20136.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.10.009","volume":"8","author":"S W\u00f6lfel","year":"2017","unstructured":"W\u00f6lfel S, et al. High seroprevalence for indigenous spotted fever group rickettsiae in forestry workers from the federal state of Brandenburg, Eastern Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2017;8(1):132\u20138.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4751_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.009","volume":"9","author":"S Fischer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fischer S, et al. High prevalence of Rickettsia helvetica in wild small mammal populations in Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018;9(3):500\u20135.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"4751_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.508466","volume":"42","author":"A Lindblom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lindblom A, Severinson K, Nilsson K. Rickettsia felis infection in Sweden: report of two cases with subacute meningitis and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis. 2010;42(11\u201312):906\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4751_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12218","volume":"21","author":"K Nilsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nilsson K, et al. Bell\u2019s palsy and sudden deafness associated with Rickettsia spp. infection in Sweden. A retrospective and prospective serological survey including PCR findings. Eur J Neurol. 2014;21(2):206\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"4751_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-17","volume":"4","author":"E Tijsse-Klasen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tijsse-Klasen E, et al. Small risk of developing symptomatic tick-borne diseases following a tick bite in The Netherlands. Parasites Vectors. 2011;4:17.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR50","first-page":"1764693","volume":"10","author":"S Jore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jore S, et al. Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2020;10(1):1764693.","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"},{"key":"4751_CR51","unstructured":"www.dmi.dk\/vejrarkiv\/. Accessed 21 May 2020."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4751_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-004-1991-7","volume":"35","author":"PM Jensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jensen PM, Jespersen JB. Five decades of tick-man interaction in Denmark\u2014an analysis. Exp Appl Acarol. 2005;35(1\u20132):131\u201346.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4751_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64638-5","volume":"10","author":"AM Andreasen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andreasen AM, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of Lyme Neuroborreliosis on Funen, Denmark from 1995\u20132014. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):7796.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4751_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.12.002","volume":"9","author":"NS Andersen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andersen NS, et al. Reduction in human Lyme neuroborreliosis associated with a major epidemic among roe deer. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018;9(2):379\u201381.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04751-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04751-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04751-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T05:05:17Z","timestamp":1650258317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04751-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04751-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (S-20170049) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (file 18\/28928). All participants provided informed consent for blood sampling and storage of information obtained from the questionnaire and serological analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants provided consent for publication of all the obtained results.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"289"}}