{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T08:09:27Z","timestamp":1747210167752,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97GCU2M1346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97GCU2M1346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Novel and more efficient compounds are urgently required for medical treatment of cystic echinococcosis (CE). Germinative cell culture of <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> could be used for anti-echinococcosis agent tests and other biological studies on CE. This study was performed to establish an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cell culture model for <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> germinative cells and to evaluate the lethal effect of <jats:italic>Zataria multiflora<\/jats:italic> essential oil (ZMEO) on the cultured cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The inner surface of germinal layers of CE cysts was scraped, and the obtained materials were trypsinized to obtain a suspension of single germinative cells. Medium 199 was used as the basic culture medium and was supplemented with fetal bovine serum, 2-mercaptoethanol, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-cysteine, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-glutamine, glucose, sodium pyruvate, hydatid fluid, amphotericin B and antibiotics. The cells were cultured at a concentration of 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u00a0cells\/ml of culture medium and incubated at 37\u00a0\u00b0C. The culture medium was replaced every 7\u00a0days. Chemical composition of ZMEO was identified by GC-MS analysis. ZMEO was tested at concentrations of 0.5\u20138\u00a0mg\/ml. Viability of the cells was assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A significant increase in the cell number was evident at 20, 30 and 45\u00a0days after cultivation. At 45\u00a0days of cultivation, the number of cells was approximately five-fold higher than on the first day. In GC-MC analysis, carvacrol, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-cymene, g-terpinene and thymol were found to be the main compounds of ZMEO. The lethal effect of ZMEO on the germinative cells at concentrations of 6, 7 and 8\u00a0mg\/ml was 100% after 60, 25 and 7\u00a0min of exposure, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At 45\u00a0days of cultivation, the cell concentration was suitable for the desired <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments. A high lethal effect of ZMEO on the germinative cells of <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> may be considered an opportunity for the introduction of a novel, more effective and safer therapeutic agent for treatment of CE using an herbal product.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04765-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T08:02:40Z","timestamp":1621238560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on the germinative cells of Echinococcus granulosus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nasim","family":"Kowsari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Moazeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3634-1","volume":"12","author":"F Tamarozzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamarozzi F, Akhan O, Cretu CM, Vutova K, Fabiani M, Orsten S, et al. Epidemiological factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis: a semi-structured questionnaire from a large population-based ultrasound cross-sectional study in eastern Europe and Turkey. Parasites Vectors. 2019;12:371.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"4765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.037","volume":"13","author":"P Moro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moro P, Schantz PM. Echinococcosis: a review. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:125\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00442-3","volume":"98","author":"E Larrieu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Larrieu E, Costa MT, Cantoni G, Alvarez R, Cavagion L, Labanchi JL, et al. Ovine Echinococcus granulosus transmission dynamics in the province of Rio Negro, Argentina, 1980\u20131999. Vet Parasitol. 2001;98:263\u201372.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001364","volume":"5","author":"T Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li T, Ito A, Pengcuo R, Sako Y, Chen X, Qiu D, et al. Post-treatment follow-up study of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in Tibetan communities of northwest Sichuan Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5:e1364.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.08.011","volume":"245","author":"PE Pensel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pensel PE, Elissondo N, Gambino G, Gamboa GU, Benoit JP, Elissondo MC. Experimental cystic echinococcosis therapy: in vitro and in vivo combined 5-fluorouracil\/albendazole treatment. Vet Parasitol. 2017;245:62\u201370.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020024","volume":"27","author":"DA Vuitton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vuitton DA, McManus DP, Rogan MT, Romig T, Gottstein B, Naidich A, et al. International consensus on terminology to be used in the field of echinococcoses. Parasite. 2020;27:41.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"4765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X0928936X","volume":"83","author":"A Hemphill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hemphill A, M\u00fcller J. Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis: towards novel chemotherapeutical treatment options. J Helminthol. 2009;83:99\u2013111.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"4765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh386","volume":"54","author":"M Walker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walker M, Rossignol JF, Torgerson P, Hemphill A. In vitro effects of nitazoxanide on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and metacestodes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54:609\u201316.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.12.009","volume":"159","author":"BS Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang BS, Choi JS, Lee SE, Lee JK, Kim TH, Jang WS, et al. Enhancing the in vitro anticancer activity of albendazole incorporatedinto chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym. 2017;159:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"9","key":"4765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e524","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000524","volume":"3","author":"M Stojkovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stojkovic M, Zwahlen M, Teggi A, Vutova K, Cretu CM, Virdone R, et al. Treatment response of cystic echinococcosis to benzimidazoles: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009;3(9):e524.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-016-0079-3","volume":"8","author":"E Brunetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brunetti E, Pratic\u00f2 L, Neumayr A, Maestri M, Tamarozzi F. Update on treatment for cystic echinococcosis of the liver. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2016;8:153\u201364.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Infect Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5339-0","volume":"116","author":"S Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhou Y, Su L, Zhang X, Wang H, Liu B. In vivo evaluation of the efficacy of combined albedazole-IFN-\u03b1 treatment for cystic echinococcosis in mice. Parasitol Res. 2017;116:735\u201342.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00075","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","volume":"32","author":"H Wen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, et al. Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32(2):e00075-e118.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4765_CR14","first-page":"59","volume":"7","author":"T Mohammadzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohammadzadeh T, Sadjjadi SM, Rahimi HR, Shams S. Establishment of a modified in vitro cultivation of protoscoleces to adult Echinococcus granulosus; an important way for new investigations on hydatidosis. Iran J Parasitol. 2012;7:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-012-0198-9","volume":"38","author":"S Ahmadnia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmadnia S, Moazeni M, Mohammadi-Samani S. Hydatid cyst formation in male Balb\/c mice following the intraperitoneal injection of live protoscoleces and activated oncospheres: a comparative study. J Parasit Dis. 2014;38:77\u201380.","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.07.001","volume":"128","author":"CM Albani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albani CM, Cumino AC, Elissondo MC, Denegri GM. Development of a cell line from Echinococcus granulosus germinal layer. Acta Trop. 2014;128:124\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4765_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(88)90137-3","volume":"18","author":"PL Fiori","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fiori PL, Monaco G, Scappaticci S, Pugliese A, Canu N, Cappuccinelli P. Establishment of cell cultures from hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. Int J Parasitol. 1988;18:297\u2013305.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.031","volume":"213","author":"U Koziol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koziol U, Brehm K. Recent advances in Echinococcus genomics and stem cell research. Vet Parasitol. 2015;213:92\u2013102.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.03.008","volume":"40","author":"CM Albani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Albani CM, Elissondo MC, Cumino AC, Chisari A, Denegri GM. Primary cell culture of Echinococcus granulosus developed from the cystic germinal layer: biological and functional haracterization. Int J Parasitol. 2010;40:1269\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR20","volume-title":"Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","author":"RP Adams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream: Allured Publishing; 2007.","edition":"4"},{"key":"4765_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11515","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11515","volume":"5","author":"KJ Berean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berean KJ, Adetutu EM, Ou JZ, Nour M, Nguyen EP, Paull D, et al. A unique in vivo approach for investigating antimicrobial materials utilizing fistulated animals. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11515.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4765_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00116-3","volume":"31","author":"CP Coyne","year":"2001","unstructured":"Coyne CP, Brake D. Characterization of Haemonchus contortus derived cell populations propagated in vitro in a tissue culture environment and their potential to induce protective immunity in sheep. Int J Parasitol. 2001;31:359\u201376.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.143","volume":"2","author":"K Strange","year":"2007","unstructured":"Strange K, Christensen M, Morrison R. Primary culture of Caenorhabditis elegans developing embryo cells for electrophysiological, cell biological and molecular studies. Nat Protoc. 2007;2:1003\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"4765_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4462","volume":"94","author":"CP Coustau","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coustau CP, Yoshino TP. Flukes without snails: advances in the in vitro cultivation of intramolluscan stages of trematodes. Exp Parasitol. 2000;94:62\u20136.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90014-X","volume":"21","author":"K Furuya","year":"1991","unstructured":"Furuya K. An established cell line of larval Echinococcus mutilocularis. Int J Parasitol. 1991;21:233\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2307\/3284437","volume":"83","author":"A Toledo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Toledo A, Cruz C, Fragoso G, Laclette JP, Merchant MT, Hernandez M, et al. In vitro culture of Taenia crassiceps larval cells and cyst regeneration after injection into mice. J Parasitol. 1997;83:189\u201393.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02346-2","volume":"18","author":"A Hemphill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hemphill A, Stettler M, Walker M, Siles-Lucas M, Fink R, Gottstein B. Culture of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes: an alternative to animal use. Trends Parasitol. 2002;18:445\u201351.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-1046-8","volume":"92","author":"M Spiliotis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spiliotis M, Tappe D, Sesterhenn L, Brehm K. Long-term in vitro cultivation of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes under axenic conditions. Parasitol Res. 2004;92:430\u20132.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4765_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.11.002","volume":"38","author":"M Spiliotis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spiliotis M, Lechner S, Tappe D, Scheller C, Krohne G, Brehm K. Transient transfection of Echinococcus multilocularis primary cells and complete in vitro regeneration of metacestode vesicles. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38:1025\u201339.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(95)00821-7","volume":"62","author":"E Del Cacho","year":"1996","unstructured":"Del Cacho E, Causape C, Sanchez-Acedo C, Quilez J. Cytochemical study of the germinal membrane of the Echinococcus granulosus cyst. Vet Parasitol. 1996;62:101\u20136.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2307\/3276582","volume":"53","author":"DJ Morseth","year":"1967","unstructured":"Morseth DJ. Fine structure of the hydatid cyst and protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus. J Parasitol. 1967;53:312\u201325.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(78)90058-9","volume":"8","author":"G Bortoletti","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bortoletti G, Ferretti G. Ultrastructural aspects of fertile and sterile cysts of Echinococcus granulosus developed in hosts of different species. Int J Parasitol. 1978;8:421\u201331.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10640","volume":"90","author":"M Galindo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galindo M, Paredes R, Marchant C, Mino V, Galanti N. Regionalization of DNA and protein synthesis in developing stages of the parasitic platyhelminth Echinococcus granulosus. J Cell Biochem. 2003;90:294\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"4765_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.12.018","volume":"145","author":"H Sajed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sajed H, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M. Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme)\u2014an ancient condiment with modern pharmaceutical uses. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;145:686\u201395.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4765_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-010-1069-3","volume":"21","author":"M Moazeni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moazeni M, Roozitalab A. High scolicidal effect of Zataria multiflora on protoccoleces of hydatid cyst: an in vitro study. Comp Clin Pathol. 2012;21:99\u2013104.","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"key":"4765_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-014-2030-7","volume":"24","author":"M Moazeni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moazeni M, Larki S, Pirmoradi G, Rahdar M. Scolicidal effect of the aromatic water of Zataria multiflora: an in vitro study. Comp Clin Pathol. 2015;24:1057\u201362.","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"key":"4765_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6003","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02963-14","volume":"58","author":"M Moazeni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moazeni M, Larki S, Saharkhiz MJ, Oryan A, Lari MA, Alavi AM. In vivo study of the efficacy of the aromatic water of Zataria multiflora on hydatid cysts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58:6003\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4765_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.07.006","volume":"205","author":"M Moazeni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moazeni M, Larki S, Oryan A, Saharkhiz MJ. Preventive and therapeutic effects of Zataria multiflora methanolic extract on hydatid cyst: an in vivo study. Vet Parasitol. 2014;205:107\u201312.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4765_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-012-1518-2","volume":"22","author":"G Kavoosi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kavoosi G, Purfard AM. Scolicidal effectiveness of essential oil from Zataria multiflora and Ferula assafoetida: disparity between phenolic monoterpenes and disulphide compounds. Comp Clin Pathol. 2013;22:999\u20131005.","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"key":"4765_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2016.1201546","volume":"29","author":"H Mahmoudvand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahmoudvand H, Mirbadie SR, Sadooghian S, Fasihi Harandi M, Jahanbakhsh S, Saedi DE. Chemical composition and scolicidal activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil. J Essent Oil Res. 2017;29:42\u20137.","journal-title":"J Essent Oil Res"},{"key":"4765_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.06.003","volume":"114","author":"M Moazeni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moazeni M, Borji H, Saboor Darbandi M, Saharkhiz MJ. In vitro and in vivo antihydatid activity of a nano emulsion of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Res Vet Sci. 2017;114:308\u201312.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"4765_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01193-w","volume":"44","author":"MK Yazdi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yazdi MK, Haniloo A, Ghaffari A, Torabi N. Antiparasitic effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil nano-emulsion on larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus. J Parasit Dis. 2020;44:429\u201335.","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"4765_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx250","volume":"72","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang W, Li J, Yao J, Wang T, Li S, Zheng X, et al. In vitro and in vivo efficacies of novel carbazole aminoalcohols in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72:3122\u201330.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4765_CR44","first-page":"112","volume":"63","author":"A Manouras","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manouras A, Genetzakis M, Lagoudianakis EE, Papadima A, Triantafillou C, Kekis PV, Filis K, Katergiannakis V. Intact germinal layer of liver hydatid cysts removed after administration of albendazole. Neth J Med. 2007;63:112\u20136.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"4765_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200802100223","volume":"21","author":"S Haralabidis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haralabidis S, Diakou A, Frydas S, Papadopoulos E, Mylonas A, Patsias A, Roilides E, Giannoulis E. Long-term evaluation of patients with hydatidosis treated with albendazole and praziquantel. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2008;21:429\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4765_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.301","volume":"79","author":"T Junghanss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Junghanss T, Menezes da Silva A, Horton J, Chiodini PL, Brunetti E. Clinical management of cystic echinococcosis: state of the art, problems, and perspectives. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79:301\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"4765_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.03.025","volume":"48","author":"SS Saei-Dehkordi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saei-Dehkordi SS, Tajik H, Moradi M, Khalighi-Sigaroodi F. Chemical composition of essential oils in Zataria multiflora Boiss. from different parts of Iran and their radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48:1562\u20137.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"4765_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1079223","volume":"54","author":"E Saedi Dezaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Sharififar F, Fallahi S, Monzote L, Ezatkhah F. Chemical composition along with anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity of Zataria multiflora. Pharm Biol. 2016;54:752\u20138.","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"4765_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.12.005","volume":"57","author":"MC Elissondo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elissondo MC, Albani CM, Gende L, Eguaras M, Denegri G. Efficacy of thymol against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Parasitol Int. 2008;57:185\u201390.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"4765_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.12.007","volume":"125","author":"MC Elissondo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elissondo MC, Pensel PE, Denegri GM. Could thymol have effectiveness on scolices and germinal layer of hydatid cysts? Acta Trop. 2013;125:251\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4765_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.09.001","volume":"164","author":"J Fabbri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fabbri J, Maggiore MA, Pensel PE, Denegri GM, Gende LB, Elissondo MC. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of carvacrol against Echinococcus granulosus. Acta Trop. 2016;164:272\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4765_CR52","first-page":"119","volume":"62","author":"AR Khosravi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khosravi AR, Franco M, Shokri H, Yahyaraeyat R. Evaluation of the effects of Zataria multiflora, Geranium pelargonium, myrrh and lemon essences on immune system function in experimental animals. J Vet Res. 2007;62:119\u201323.","journal-title":"J Vet Res"},{"key":"4765_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810600716653","volume":"25","author":"A Andersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andersen A. Final report on the safety assessment of sodium p-chloro-m-cresol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorothymol, mixed cresols, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, thymol, o-cymen-5-ol, and carvacrol. Int J Toxicol. 2006;25:29\u2013127.","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04765-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04765-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04765-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T05:19:20Z","timestamp":1675315160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04765-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04765-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1756-3305"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"257"}}