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TLR4 pathway activation has been reported to be involved in mice liver fibrosis induced by hepatitis virus infection, alcohol abuse, biliary ligation, carbon tetrachloride 4 treatment, and\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) infection. The effect and mechanisms of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)\/prostanoid E2 (PGE2) axis on liver fibrosis induced by\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      are still unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mice liver fibrosis were induced by cutaneous infection of\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      cercariae. COX-2 inhibitor, NS398 were injected from week 5 to week 7, while TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 were injected from week 4 to week 8 post\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Human HSCs line, LX-2 cells were cultured and exposed to LPS or synthetic PGE2, or pretreated by TAK242, TLR4-siRNA or NS398. Liver tissue and serum or in vitro cultured cell lysaste were collected at indicated time courses for exploring the relationship between TLR4 and COX2-PGE2 axis through qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemical assay, ect. One-way analysis of variance among multiple groups followed by Uncorrected Fisher\u2019s LSD-\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test or paired comparisons through\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test were performed to tell the statistical differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the link between the COX2\/PGE2 axis and TLR4 signaling in the induction of liver fibrogenesis in mice during\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and in vitro culture of HSC strain-LX-2. The COX2\/PGE2 axis was positively associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      -induced liver fibrosis. TLR4 pathway activation stimulated the COX2\/PGE2 axis in\n                      <jats:italic>Sj-<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected mice and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed cultured HSCs. Synthetic PGE2 activated cultured HSCs through upregulation of alpha smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) expression. In LPS-triggered HSCs, NS398, a COX2 inhibitor, led to suppression of PGE2 synthesis and reduced expression of \u03b1-SMA and type I collagen (COL I).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results indicate firstly the positive association of the COX2\/PGE2 axis with liver fibrosis induced by\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. TLR4 signaling may at least partially control the COX2\/PGE2 axis in\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      -infected mice liver and in vitro cultured HSCs. The COX2\/PGE2-EP2\/EP4 axis might be a good drug target against liver fibrosis induced by\n                      <jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04790-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T04:02:57Z","timestamp":1621915377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Involvement of TLR4 signaling regulated-COX2\/PGE2 axis in liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhencheng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferrandon","family":"Dominique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0342-8","volume":"35","author":"M Nakanishi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakanishi M, Rosenberg DW. 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