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An accumulating body of evidence indicates the potential and usefulness of metabolomics to further our understanding of the interaction between pathogens and hosts, and to search for new diagnostic or pharmacological biomarkers of complex microorganisms. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic> infection on the serum metabolism of chickens and to assess several metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and subsequent multivariate statistical analysis were applied to investigate metabolomics profiles in the serum samples of chickens infected with <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic>, and to identify potential metabolites that can be used to distinguish chickens infected with <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic> from non-infected birds.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multivariate statistical analysis identified 138 differential serum metabolites between mock- and <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic>-infected chickens at 5\u00a0days post-infection (dpi), including 115 upregulated and 23 downregulated compounds. These metabolites were significantly enriched into six pathways, of which two pathways associated with energy and lipid metabolism, namely glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, respectively, were the most enriched. Interestingly, some important immune-related pathways were also significantly enriched, including the intestinal immune network for IgA production, autophagy and cellular senescence. Nine potential <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic>-responsive metabolites were identified, including choline, sirolimus, all-<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid, PC(14:0\/22:1(13Z)), PC(15:0\/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), PE(16:1(9Z)\/24:1(15Z)), phosphocholine, SM(d18:0\/16:1(9Z)(OH)) and sphinganine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first report on serum metabolic profiling of chickens with early-stage <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic> infection. The results provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic> in chickens.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04834-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T07:02:30Z","timestamp":1624690950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Serum metabolomics in chickens infected with Cryptosporidium baileyi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xue-Mei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Cheng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long-Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ke","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4834_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612015063","volume":"24","author":"AA Nakamura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakamura AA, Meireles MV. 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