{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:27:32Z","timestamp":1772166452399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017R1D1A2B04033088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A2B04033088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes are important invasive species contributing to the spread of chikungunya, dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus, and other dangerous vector-borne diseases.\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is native to southeast Asia, with rapid expansion due to human activity, showing a wide distribution in the Korean peninsula.\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes flavopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is considered to be native to East Asia, with a broad distribution in the region, including the Korean peninsula. A better understanding of the genetic diversity of these species is critical for establishing strategies for disease prevention and vector control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained DNA from 148 specimens of\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 166 specimens of\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. flavopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Korea, and amplified two mitochondrial genes (\n                      <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ND5<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) to compare the genetic diversity and structure of the two species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained a 658-bp sequence of\n                      <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                      and a 423-bp sequence of\n                      <jats:italic>ND5<\/jats:italic>\n                      from both mosquito species. We found low diversity and a nonsignificant population genetic structure in\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and high diversity and a nonsignificant structure in\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. flavopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      for these two mitochondrial genes.\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      had fewer haplotypes with respect to the number of individuals, and a slight mismatch distribution was confirmed. By contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. flavopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      had a large number of haplotypes compared with the number of individuals, and a large unimodal-type mismatch distribution was confirmed. Although the genetic structure of both species was nonsignificant,\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. flavopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited higher genetic diversity than\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      appears to be an introduced species, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. flavopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is endemic to the Korean peninsula, and the difference in genetic diversity between the two species is related to their adaptability and introduction history. Further studies on the genetic structure and diversity of these mosquitos will provide useful data for vector control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04873-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1627365808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparative population genetics of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus and the native mosquito Aedes flavopictus in the Korean peninsula"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiyeong","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-9485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongwoo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4873_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(02)00378-8","volume":"33","author":"DJ Gubler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gubler DJ. The global emergence\/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res. 2002;33(4):330\u201342.","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"4873_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s1141","volume":"109","author":"P Reiter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reiter P. Climate change and mosquito-borne disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109(suppl 1):141\u201361.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"4873_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2008.131738","volume":"20","author":"ML Levin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levin ML. Medical entomology for students. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1428.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4873_CR4","unstructured":"Harbach RE. Mosquito taxonomic inventory. http:\/\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/ (2013). Accessed 02 May 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020220","volume":"15","author":"D Weetman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weetman D, Kamgang B, Badolo A, Moyes CL, Shearer FM, Coulibaly M, et al. Aedes mosquitoes and Aedes-borne arboviruses in Africa: current and future threats. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(2):220.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0233669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233669","volume":"15","author":"S Boyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boyer S, Marcombe S, Yean S, Fontenille D. High diversity of mosquito vectors in Cambodian primary schools and consequences for arbovirus transmission. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0233669.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6996","key":"4873_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02759","volume":"430","author":"DM Morens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2004;430(6996):242\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2588","volume":"21","author":"JH Im","year":"2021","unstructured":"Im JH, Kim T-S, Chung M-H, Baek JH, Kwon HY, Lee J-S. Current status and a perspective of mosquito-borne diseases in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2021;21(2):69\u201377.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.18.110187.002421","volume":"18","author":"JC Avise","year":"1987","unstructured":"Avise JC, Arnold J, Ball RM, Bermingham E, Lamb T, Neigel JE, et al. Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 1987;18(1):489\u2013522.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00735.x","volume":"10","author":"J Tang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tang J, Pruess K, Cupp EW, Unnasch TR. Molecular phylogeny and typing of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) that serve as vectors of human or bovine onchocerciasis. Med Vet Entomol. 1996;10(3):228\u201334.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4873_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005485","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005485","volume":"11","author":"R Opiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Opiro R, Saarman NP, Echodu R, Opiyo EA, Dion K, Halyard A, et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Northern Uganda: implications for vector control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(4):e0005485.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv114","volume":"52","author":"S Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang S, Jung J, Kim W. Population genetic structure of the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) sensu stricto and evidence for possible introgression in the Republic of Korea. J Med Entomol. 2015;52(6):1270\u201381.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"4873_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14659.3","author":"B Kamgang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamgang B, Wilson-Bahun TA, Irving H, Kusimo MO, Lenga A, Wondji CS. Geographical distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and genetic diversity of invading population of Ae. albopictus in the Republic of the Congo. Wellcome Open Res. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14659.3.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"4873_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12834","volume":"12","author":"P Salgueiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salgueiro P, Serrano C, Gomes B, Alves J, Sousa CA, Abecasis A, et al. Phylogeography and invasion history of Aedes aegypti, the Dengue and Zika mosquito vector in Cape Verde islands (West Africa). Evol Appl. 2019;12(9):1797\u2013811.","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"4873_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2011.065","volume":"108","author":"T \u017ditko","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u017ditko T, Kova\u010di\u0107 A, Desdevises Y, Puizina J. Genetic variation in East-Adriatic populations of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), inferred from NADH5 and COI sequence variability. Eur J Entomol. 2011;108(4):501\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Entomol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4873_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2590","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002590","volume":"7","author":"B Kamgang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamgang B, Ngoagouni C, Manirakiza A, Nakoun\u00e9 E, Paupy C, Kazanji M. Temporal patterns of abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and mitochondrial DNA analysis of Ae. albopictus in the Central African Republic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(12):e2590.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-002-2360-y","volume":"55","author":"A-B Failloux","year":"2002","unstructured":"Failloux A-B, Vazeille M, Rodhain F. Geographic genetic variation in populations of the dengue virus vector Aedes aegypti. J Mol Evol. 2002;55(6):653\u201363.","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2008153444","volume":"15","author":"K McCoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCoy K. The population genetic structure of vectors and our understanding of disease epidemiology. Parasite. 2008;15(3):444\u20138.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0814","volume":"12","author":"JM Medlock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Medlock JM, Hansford KM, Schaffner F, Versteirt V, Hendrickx G, Zeller H, et al. A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12(6):435\u201347.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"4873_CR20","first-page":"206","volume-title":"100 of the world\u2019s worst invasive alien species. Biological globalisation","author":"W van der Weijden","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Weijden W, Leewis R, Bol P. 100 of the world\u2019s worst invasive alien species. Biological globalisation. Utrecht: KNNV Publishing; 2007. p. 206\u20138."},{"issue":"14\u201315","key":"4873_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.05.005","volume":"11","author":"C Paupy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paupy C, Delatte H, Bagny L, Corbel V, Fontenille D. Aedes albopictus, an arbovirus vector: from the darkness to the light. Microbes Infect. 2009;11(14\u201315):1177\u201385.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5967.2003.tb00047.x","volume":"33","author":"H Rhee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rhee H. Taxonomic review and revised keys of the Korean mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Entomol Res. 2003;33(1):39\u201352.","journal-title":"Entomol Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"4873_CR23","first-page":"463","volume":"11","author":"S Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang S, Lee E, Lee W, Shin-Hyeong C. Geographical distribution of Aedes albopictus around urban areas in Korea. Public Health Wkly Rep. 2018;11(15):463\u20138.","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4873_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127762","volume":"10","author":"A Giatropoulos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giatropoulos A, Papachristos DP, Koliopoulos G, Michaelakis A, Emmanouel N. Asymmetric mating interference between two related mosquito species: Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus and Aedes (Stegomyia) cretinus. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5):e0127762.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.01.021","volume":"27","author":"DM Naim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naim DM, Kamal NZM, Mahboob S. Population structure and genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Penang as revealed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I. Saudi J Bio Sci. 2020;27(3):953\u201367.","journal-title":"Saudi J Bio Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672305007627","volume":"86","author":"L Mousson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mousson L, Dauga C, Garrigues T, Schaffner F, Vazeille M, Failloux A-B. Phylogeography of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse)(Diptera: Culicidae) based on mitochondrial DNA variations. Genet Res. 2005;86(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Genet Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"4873_CR27","first-page":"91","volume":"37","author":"A Knudsen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Knudsen A. Global distribution and continuing spread of Aedes albopictus. Parassitologia. 1995;37(2\u20133):91\u20137.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"4873_CR28","first-page":"14","volume":"32","author":"J Demeulemeester","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demeulemeester J, Deblauwe I, De Witte JC, Jansen F, Hendy A, Madder M. First interception of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in Lucky bamboo shipments in Belgium. Eur Mosq Control Assoc. 2014;32:14\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Mosq Control Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4873_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060874","volume":"8","author":"I Rochlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rochlin I, Ninivaggi DV, Hutchinson ML, Farajollahi A. Climate change and range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Northeastern USA: implications for public health practitioners. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e60874.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20696","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.6.20696","volume":"19","author":"D Fischer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fischer D, Thomas S, Neteler M, Tjaden N, Beierkuhnlein C. Climatic suitability of Aedes albopictus in Europe referring to climate change projections: comparison of mechanistic and correlative niche modelling approaches. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(6):20696.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"7","key":"4873_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219553","volume":"14","author":"L Tippelt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tippelt L, Werner D, Kampen H. Tolerance of three Aedes albopictus strains (Diptera: Culicidae) from different geographical origins towards winter temperatures under field conditions in northern Germany. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(7):e0219553.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04386-7","volume":"13","author":"L Tippelt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tippelt L, Werner D, Kampen H. Low temperature tolerance of three Aedes albopictus strains (Diptera: Culicidae) under constant and fluctuating temperature scenarios. Parasites Vectors. 2020;13(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.3.461","volume":"39","author":"T Toma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Toma T, Miyagi I, Crabtree MB, Miller BR. Investigation of the Aedes (Stegomyia) flavopictus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Japan by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. J Med Entomol. 2002;39(3):461\u20138.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"4873_CR34","first-page":"987","volume":"16","author":"K Tanaka","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tanaka K. A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 1979;16:987.","journal-title":"Contrib Am Entomol Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR35","first-page":"13","volume":"1","author":"H-K Hong","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hong H-K, Shim J-C, Shin H-K, Yun Y-H. Hibernation studies of forest mosquitoes in Korea, 1971. Korean J Entomol. 1971;1(1):13\u20136.","journal-title":"Korean J Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2020.1863164","volume":"6","author":"J Shin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin J, Jung J. Complete mitochondrial genome of Aedes flavopictus (Yamada, 1921) (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in South Korea. Mitochondrial DNA B. 2021;6(1):265\u20137.","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA B"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10196","volume":"48","author":"M Mogi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mogi M. Variation in cold hardiness of nondiapausing eggs of nine Aedes (Stegomyia) species (Diptera: Culicidae) from eastern Asia and Pacific islands ranging from the tropics to the cool-temperate zone. J Med Entomol. 2011;48(2):212\u201322.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"4873_CR38","unstructured":"Doggett S, Clancy J, Haniotis J, Russell R, Hueston L, Marchetti M, et al. The New South Wales Arbovirus surveillance and mosquito monitoring program 2018\u20132019 annual report. New South Wales Government, Sydney, Australia. 2019. p. 36."},{"issue":"30","key":"4873_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900433","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.30.1900433","volume":"24","author":"A Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Justicia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Justicia A, van de Vossenberg B, van den Biggelaar R, Voogd J, Metz E, Jacobs F, et al. Detection of Aedes flavopictus (Yamada, 1921), Netherlands, June 2019. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(30):1900433.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"11","key":"4873_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1162-7","volume":"60","author":"LF Chaves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaves LF. Globally invasive, withdrawing at home: Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus facing the rise of Aedes flavopictus. Int J Biometeorol. 2016;60(11):1727\u201338.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR41","first-page":"89","volume":"58","author":"S-J Chung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chung S-J, Ko S-H, Ko E-M, Lim E-J, Kim Y-S, Lee W-G, et al. Mosquito prevalence and flavivirus infection rates in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea. Korean J Appl Entomol. 2019;58(2):89\u201399.","journal-title":"Korean J Appl Entomol"},{"issue":"13","key":"4873_CR42","first-page":"308","volume":"10","author":"T-K Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim T-K, Jang C-W, Kim H, Roh JY, Ju Y. Collection status of infectious disease vectors. Public Health Wkly Rep. 2017;10(13):308\u201312.","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"4873_CR43","first-page":"712","volume":"12","author":"S-C Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang S-C, Kim H, Lee W-G, Cho S-H. Monitoring of population density of the Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Korea in 2018. Public Health Wkly Rep. 2019;12(22):712\u20136.","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"4873_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.03.003","volume":"6","author":"R Srisawat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srisawat R, Phanitchat T, Komalamisra N, Tamori N, Runtuwene L, Noguchi K, et al. Susceptibility of Aedes flavopictus miyarai and Aedes galloisi mosquito species in Japan to dengue type 2 virus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;6(5):446\u201350.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.33.61","volume":"33","author":"Y Eshita","year":"1982","unstructured":"Eshita Y, Kuriahara T, Ogata T, Ova A. Studies on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to dengue virus. I. Susceptibility of Japanese mosquitoes to the virus. Jpn J Sanit Zool. 1982;33(1):61\u20134.","journal-title":"Jpn J Sanit Zool"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1987.25.2.207","volume":"25","author":"KW Lee","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lee KW. Checklist of mosquitoes (Culicidae) in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 1987;25(2):207\u20139.","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.67.1","volume":"67","author":"Y Maekawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maekawa Y, Tsuda Y, Sawabe K. A nationwide survey on distribution of mosquitoes in Japan. Med Entomol Zool. 2016;67(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Med Entomol Zool"},{"key":"4873_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cris.2020.100001","volume":"1","author":"LF Chaves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaves LF, Friberg MD. Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) pre-imaginal abundance patterns are associated with different environmental factors along an altitudinal gradient. Curr Res Insect Sci. 2021;1:100001.","journal-title":"Curr Res Insect Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.71.25","volume":"71","author":"MS Alam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alam MS, Tuno N. A study comparing the growth rates of two related species, Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) at different temperature regimes. Med Entomol Zool. 2020;71(1):25\u201330.","journal-title":"Med Entomol Zool"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12469","volume":"35","author":"A Sultana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sultana A, Sunahara T, Tsurukawa C, Tuno N. Reproductive interference between Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus at a place of their origin. Med Vet Entomol. 2020;35(1):59\u201367.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"4873_CR51","first-page":"45","volume":"10","author":"S Yamada","year":"1921","unstructured":"Yamada S. Descriptions of ten new species of A\u00ebdes found in Japan, with notes on the relation between some of these mosquitoes and the larva of Filaria bancrofti Cobbold. Annot Zool Jpn. 1921;10:45\u201381.","journal-title":"Annot Zool Jpn"},{"issue":"5","key":"4873_CR52","first-page":"795","volume":"43","author":"T Sota","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sota T, Mogi M. Origin of pitcher plant mosquitoes in Aedes (Stegomyia): a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. J Med Entomol. 2006;43(5):795\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx156","volume":"54","author":"M Mogi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mogi M, Armbruster PA, Tuno N, Aranda C, Yong HS. The climate range expansion of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Asia inferred from the distribution of Albopictus subgroup species of Aedes (Stegomyia). J Med Entomol. 2017;54(6):1615\u201325.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"4873_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.27.2.1814","volume":"27","author":"S Forman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forman S, Hungerford N, Yamakawa M, Yanase T, Tsai H, Joo Y, et al. Climate change impacts and risks for animal health in Asia. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 2008;27:581\u201397.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12219","volume":"28","author":"F Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li F, Kwon YS, Bae MJ, Chung N, Kwon TS, Park YS. Potential impacts of global warming on the diversity and distribution of stream insects in South Korea. Conserv Biol. 2014;28(2):498\u2013508.","journal-title":"Conserv Biol"},{"key":"4873_CR56","unstructured":"Gaffigan T, Wilkerson R, Pecor J, Stoffer J, Anderson T. Systematic catalog of Culicidae. Walter Reed Biosystematic Unit. 2017. www.mosquitocatalog.org."},{"key":"4873_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee GW. A revision of the illustrated taxonomic keys to genera and species of mosquito larvae of Korea. (Diptera: Culicidae). In: 5th Med. Detach. 168th Med. Battalion. 18th Med. Cmd. U.S. Army. APO AP; 1998.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA598438"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-151","volume":"11","author":"S Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang S, Jung J, Lee S, Hwang H, Kim W. The polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of Anopheles sinensis in the Republic of Korea. Malar J. 2012;11(1):151.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"7","key":"4873_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068512","volume":"8","author":"SH Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee SH, Nam KW, Jeong JY, Yoo SJ, Koh Y-S, Lee S, et al. The effects of climate change and globalization on mosquito vectors: evidence from Jeju Island, South Korea on the potential for Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) influxes and survival from Vietnam rather than Japan. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7):e68512.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"4873_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz254","volume":"57","author":"E Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee E, Yang S-C, Kim T-K, Noh B-E, Lee HS, Kim H, et al. Geographical genetic variation and sources of Korean Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations. J Med Entomol. 2020;57(4):1057\u201368.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2017.60.6.468","volume":"60","author":"J-S Yeom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yeom J-S. Current status and outlook of mosquito-borne diseases in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc. 2017;60(6):468\u201374.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Assoc"},{"key":"4873_CR62","unstructured":"KCDC. Infectious diseases surveillance yearbook. 2019. http:\/\/www.kdca.go.kr\/npt\/biz\/npp\/portal\/nppPblctDtaMain.do?pblctDtaSeAt=1."},{"issue":"4","key":"4873_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005546","volume":"11","author":"AJ Maynard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maynard AJ, Ambrose L, Cooper RD, Chow WK, Davis JB, Muzari MO, et al. Tiger on the prowl: invasion history and spatio-temporal genetic structure of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) in the Indo-Pacific. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(4):e0005546.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2002)095[0125:GSOAAD]2.0.CO;2","volume":"95","author":"J Birungi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Birungi J, Munstermann LE. Genetic structure of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations based on mitochondrial ND5 sequences: evidence for an independent invasion into Brazil and United States. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 2002;95(1):125\u201332.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"4873_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248","volume":"34","author":"J Rozas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rozas J, Ferrer-Mata A, S\u00e1nchez-DelBarrio JC, Guirao-Rico S, Librado P, Ramos-Onsins SE, et al. DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets. Mol Biol. 2017;34(12):3299\u2013302.","journal-title":"Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x","volume":"10","author":"L Excoffier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Excoffier L, Lischer HE. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour. 2010;10(3):564\u20137.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"issue":"19","key":"4873_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts460","volume":"28","author":"R Peakall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peakall R, Smouse PE. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research\u2014an update. J Bioinform. 2012;28(19):2537\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bioinform"},{"issue":"9","key":"4873_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12410","volume":"6","author":"JW Leigh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leigh JW, Bryant D. POPART: full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods Ecol Evol. 2015;6(9):1110\u20136.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585","volume":"123","author":"F Tajima","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tajima F. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics. 1989;123(3):585\u201395.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/147.2.915","volume":"147","author":"Y-X Fu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fu Y-X. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics. 1997;147(2):915\u201325.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.3.356","volume":"40","author":"P Armbruster","year":"2003","unstructured":"Armbruster P, Damsky WE Jr, Giordano R, Birungi J, Munstermann LE, Conn JE. Infection of new-and old-world Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) by the intracellular parasite Wolbachia: implications for host mitochondrial DNA evolution. J Med Entomol. 2003;40(3):356\u201360.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2015.12.014","volume":"19","author":"CH Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park CH, Lim H, Kim H, Lee WG, Roh JY, Park MY, et al. High prevalence of Wolbachia infection in Korean populations of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Asia Pac Entomol. 2016;19(1):191\u20134.","journal-title":"J Asia Pac Entomol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4873_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr083","volume":"28","author":"CM Atyame","year":"2011","unstructured":"Atyame CM, Delsuc F, Pasteur N, Weill M, Duron O. Diversification of Wolbachia endosymbiont in the Culex pipiens mosquito. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28(10):2761\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4873_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12301","volume":"8","author":"G Ra\u0161i\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ra\u0161i\u0107 G, Schama R, Powell R, Maciel-de Freitas R, Endersby-Harshman NM, Filipovi\u0107 I, et al. Contrasting genetic structure between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in the dengue fever mosquito from Rio de Janeiro: implications for vector control. Evol Appl. 2015;8(9):901\u201315.","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR75","first-page":"280","volume":"29","author":"HM Thu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thu HM, Aye KM, Thein S. The effect of temperature and humidity on dengue virus propagation in Aedes aegypti mosquitos. Southeast Asian J TroP Med. 1998;29(2):280\u20134.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J TroP Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4873_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0199205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199205","volume":"13","author":"H Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee H, Kim JE, Lee S, Lee CH. Potential effects of climate change on dengue transmission dynamics in Korea. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(6):e0199205.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3390\/insects4030404","volume":"4","author":"C Kaufmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaufmann C, Collins LF, Brown MR. Influence of age and nutritional status on flight performance of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Insects. 2013;4(3):404\u201312.","journal-title":"Insects"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002111","volume":"7","author":"H Delatte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delatte H, Toty C, Boyer S, Bouetard A, Bastien F, Fontenille D. Evidence of habitat structuring Aedes albopictus populations in R\u00e9union Island. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2111.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3740-0","volume":"12","author":"MT Motoki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Motoki MT, Fonseca DM, Miot EF, Demari-Silva B, Thammavong P, Chonephetsarath S, et al. Population genetics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in its native range in Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic. Parasites Vectors. 2019;12(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"9","key":"4873_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044515","volume":"7","author":"D Porretta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Bellini R, Somboon P, Urbanelli S. Glacial history of a modern invader: phylogeography and species distribution modelling of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(9):1\u20139.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1992.tb01570.x","volume":"63","author":"T Sota","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sota T, Mogi M. Survival time and resistance to desiccation of diapause and non-diapause eggs of temperate Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes. Entomol Exp. 1992;63(2):155\u201361.","journal-title":"Entomol Exp"},{"key":"4873_CR82","first-page":"430","volume":"87","author":"S Wright","year":"1938","unstructured":"Wright S. Size of population and breeding structure in relation to evolution. Science. 1938;87:430\u20131.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1603\/008.102.0116","volume":"102","author":"S Usmani-Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Usmani-Brown S, Cohnstaedt L, Munstermann LE. Population genetics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) invading populations, using mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 5 sequences. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 2009;102(1):144\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/ess065","volume":"104","author":"A Nater","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nater A, Arora N, Greminger MP, van Schaik CP, Singleton I, Wich SA, et al. Marked population structure and recent migration in the critically endangered Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). J Hered. 2013;104(1):2\u201313.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2003.09.007","volume":"31","author":"S Vandewoestijne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vandewoestijne S, Baguette M, Brakefield PM, Saccheri I. Phylogeography of Aglais urticae (Lepidoptera) based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene and control region. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004;31(2):630\u201346.","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"4873_CR86","volume-title":"Malaria mosquito resistance to agricultural insecticides: risk area mapping in Thailand","author":"H Overgaard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Overgaard H. Malaria mosquito resistance to agricultural insecticides: risk area mapping in Thailand, vol. 103. Colombo: IWMI; 2006."},{"issue":"1","key":"4873_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-100","volume":"5","author":"SM Thomas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomas SM, Obermayr U, Fischer D, Kreyling J, Beierkuhnlein C. Low-temperature threshold for egg survival of a post-diapause and non-diapause European aedine strain, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites Vectors. 2012;5(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"4873_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12211","volume":"50","author":"MS De Majo","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Majo MS, Fischer S, Otero M, Schweigmann N. Effects of thermal heterogeneity and egg mortality on differences in the population dynamics of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) over short distances in temperate Argentina. J Med Entomol. 2013;50(3):543\u201351.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4873_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.2.205","volume":"44","author":"L-H Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang L-H, Hsu E-L, Teng H-J, Ho C-M. Differential survival of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae exposed to low temperatures in Taiwan. J Med Entomol. 2007;44(2):205\u201310.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4873_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15071","volume":"28","author":"S Sherpa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sherpa S, Blum MG, Capblancq T, Cumer T, Rioux D, Despr\u00e9s L. Unravelling the invasion history of the Asian tiger mosquito in Europe. Mol Ecol. 2019;28(9):2360\u201377.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4873_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003097","volume":"8","author":"G Athrey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Athrey G, Hodges TK, Reddy MR, Overgaard HJ, Matias A, Ridl FC, et al. The effective population size of malaria mosquitoes: large impact of vector control. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(12):e1003097.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04873-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04873-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04873-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T07:15:37Z","timestamp":1627370137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04873-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04873-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-261518\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"377"}}