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In Central Europe, conspicuous changes are evident in populations of common farmland birds, in strong contrast to forest birds in the same region. However, there is a lack of information on longitudinal changes in trematodes that are associated with common farmland birds, despite the fact that diversity of trematodes is directly linked to the preservation of long-established food webs and habitat use adaptations of their hosts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed the population trends of trematodes for the period 1963\u20132020 in six bird species that use Central European farmlands as their predominant feeding habitats. Namely, we examined\n                      <jats:italic>Falco tinnunculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Vanellus vanellus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , winter populations of\n                      <jats:italic>Buteo buteo<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ciconia ciconia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , extravilan population of\n                      <jats:italic>Pica pica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Asio otus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , all originating from the Czech Republic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed dramatic population losses of all trematode species in\n                      <jats:italic>C. ciconia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>V. vanellus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; the changes were less prominent in the other examined hosts. Importantly, the declines in prevalence and intensity of infection affected all previously dominant species. These included\n                      <jats:italic>Tylodelphys excavata<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Chaunocephalus ferox<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>C. ciconia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lyperosomum petiolatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>P. pica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Strigea strigis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>A. otus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Neodiplostomum attenuatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Strigea falconis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>B. buteo<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 each), and\n                      <jats:italic>Echinoparyphium\u00a0agnatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0and\n                      <jats:italic>Uvitellina adelpha<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>V. vanellus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (completely absent in 2011\u20132000). In contrast, the frequency and spectrum of isolated records of trematode species did not change to any large extent except those in\n                      <jats:italic>V. vanellus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis of six unrelated common bird species that use farmlands as their feeding habitats revealed a previously unreported collapse of previously dominant trematode species. The previously dominant trematode species declined in terms of both prevalence and intensity of infection. The causes of the observed declines are unclear; of note is, however, that some of the broadly used agrochemicals, such as azole fungicides, are well known for their antihelminthic activity. Further research is needed to provide direct evidence for effects of field-realistic concentrations of azole fungicides on the survival and fitness of trematodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04876-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T19:05:57Z","timestamp":1628190357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Long-term dynamics of trematode infections in common birds that use farmlands as their feeding habitats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jilj\u00ed","family":"Sitko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0703-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Heneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4876_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2020.108596","volume":"250","author":"J Carlson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carlson J, Hopkins S, Bell KC, Do\u00f1a J, Godfrey SS, Kwak ML, Lafferty KD, Moir ML, Speer KA, Strona G, Torchin M, Wood CL. 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