{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:13:09Z","timestamp":1791389589325,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNCS-UEFISCDI Grant Agency Romania","award":["PD38\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD38\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During the last decades, filarial infections caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. have spread rapidly within dog populations of several European countries. Increasing scientific interest in filariasis, and the availability of new diagnostic tools, has led to improved knowledge of the biology, morphology, and epidemiology of different species of filarial worms. However, data are still scarce for a number of countries, including the Republic of Moldova. Thus, we assessed the epidemiological status of canine filariasis in the Republic of Moldova to address part of this knowledge gap.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 120 blood samples were collected between June 2018 and July 2019 from dogs originating from the cities of Cahul and Chi\u015fin\u0103u. The samples were examined microscopically, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate filarioid species diversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microscopic examination revealed that 12 dogs (10.0%) were positive for circulating microfilariae. The molecular test showed that one dog was positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Acanthocheilonema reconditum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.8%), one for\n                      <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.8%), six for\n                      <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>repens<\/jats:italic>\n                      (5.0%), and four (3.3%) harboured a co-infection with\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>repens<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Prevalence was significantly higher in dogs aged \u2265 2 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The epidemiological survey presented here for the Republic of Moldova confirmed the presence\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>repens<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>reconditum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in dogs that had not received any heartworm preventive.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T09:06:57Z","timestamp":1628240817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An epidemiological survey of Dirofilaria spp. and Acanthocheilonema spp. in dogs from the Republic of Moldova"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mirabela Oana","family":"Dumitrache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6206-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugeniu","family":"Voini\u0163chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serghei","family":"Maximenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viorica","family":"Mircean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Monica","family":"Ionic\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4891_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109113","volume":"282","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D. Overview on Dirofilaria immitis in the Americas, with notes on other filarial worms infecting dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2020;282:109113.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4891_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00541-6","volume":"102","author":"Z Egyed","year":"2001","unstructured":"Egyed Z, Sr\u00e9ter T, Sz\u00e9ll Z, Beszteri B, Oravecz O, M\u00e1rialigeti K, et al. Morphologic and genetic characterization of Onchocerca lupi infecting dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2001;102:309\u201319.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4891_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.043","volume":"182","author":"D Otranto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Otranto D, Brianti E, Dantas-Torres F, Weigl S, Latrofa MS, Gaglio G, et al. Morphological and molecular data on the dermal microfilariae of a species of Cercopithifilaria from a dog in Sicily. Vet Parasitol. 2011;182:221\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4891_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-16","volume":"6","author":"D Otranto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Brianti E, Traversa D, Petri\u0107 D, Genchi C, et al. Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:16.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12","volume":"25","author":"F Sim\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3n F, Siles-Lucas M, Morch\u00f3n R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carret\u00f3n E, et al. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25:507\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4891_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-76","volume":"5","author":"MS Latrofa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Latrofa MS, Montarsi F, Ciocchetta S, Annoscia G, Dantas-Torres F, Ravagnan S, et al. Molecular xenomonitoring of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from north-eastern Italy by real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:76.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.033","volume":"133","author":"F Sim\u00f3n","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3n F, L\u00f3pez-Belmonte J, Marcos-Atxutegi C, Morch\u00f3n R, Mart\u00edn-Pacho J. What is happening outside North America regarding human dirofilariasis? Vet Parasitol. 2005;133:181\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4891_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00196","volume":"3","author":"R Morch\u00f3n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morch\u00f3n R, Carret\u00f3n E, Gonz\u00e1lez Miguel J, Mellado HI. Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and their vectors in Europe\u2014new distribution trends. Front Physiol. 2012;3:196.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"4891_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100153","volume":"10","author":"A Pupi\u0107-Bakra\u010d","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pupi\u0107-Bakra\u010d A, Pupi\u0107-Bakra\u010d J, Jurkovi\u0107 D, Capar M, Stefanovi\u0107 LL, \u0106elovi\u0107 IA, et al. The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: yesterday\u2013today\u2013tomorrow. One Health. 2020;10:100153.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"4891_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3205-x","volume":"11","author":"G Capelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capelli G, Genchi C, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Brianti E, Cardoso L, et al. Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:663.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.11.1384i","volume":"85","author":"T Huynh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huynh T, Thean J, Maini R. Dipetalonema reconditum in the human eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:1384.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4891_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011002198","volume":"139","author":"E Brianti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brianti E, Gaglio G, Napoli E, Giannetto S, Dantas-Torres F, Bain O, et al. New insights into the ecology and biology of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) causing canine subcutaneous filariosis. Parasitology. 2012;139:530\u20136.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"4891_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04185-0","volume":"13","author":"Y Laidoudi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laidoudi Y, Davoust B, Varloud M, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Development of a multiplex qPCR-based approach for the diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:319.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.07.012","volume":"187","author":"L Ciuca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ciuca L, Sim\u00f2n F, Rinaldi L, Kramer L, Genchi M, Cringoli G, et al. Seroepidemiological survey of human exposure to Dirofilaria spp. in Romania and Moldova. Acta Trop. 2018;187:169\u201374.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4891_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1916-4","volume":"9","author":"T Sule\u015fco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sulesco T, Von Thien H, Todera\u015f L, Todera\u015f I, L\u00fchken R, Tannich E. Circulation of Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis in Moldova. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:627.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-48","volume":"6","author":"J Magnis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magnis J, Lorentz S, Guardone L, Grimm F, Magi M, Naucke TJ, et al. Morphometric analyses of canine blood microfilariae isolated by the Knott\u2019s test enables Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens species-specific and Acanthocheilonema (syn. Dipetalonema) genus-specific diagnosis. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:48.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.01.006","volume":"122","author":"MS Latrofa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Latrofa MS, Weigl S, Dantas-Torres F, Annoscia G, Traversa D, Brianti E, et al. A multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of species of filarioids infesting dogs. Acta Trop. 2012;122:150\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4891_CR18","unstructured":"Dumitriu A. R\u0103sp\u00eendirea helmintozelor la Canis familiaris \u00een unele gospod\u0103rii particulare de ovine. In: Cimpoies G, Marian G, Donica G, editors Agricultura modern\u0103\u2014realiz\u0103ri \u015fi perspective Chisinau: Universitatea Agrar\u0103 de Stat din Moldova, Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103; 182\u20134."},{"key":"4891_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00571","volume":"7","author":"S Savi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Savi\u0107 S, Stosic MZ, Marcic D, Hern\u00e1ndez I, Potkonjak A, Otasevic S, et al. Seroepidemiological study of canine and human dirofilariasis in the endemic region of northern Serbia. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:571.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"4891_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014003","volume":"21","author":"AL Vieira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vieira AL, Vieira MJ, Oliveira JM, Sim\u00f5es AR, Diez-Ba\u00f1os P, Gestal J. Prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in dogs of Central Portugal. Parasite. 2014;21:5.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"4891_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1797-6","volume":"9","author":"A Diakou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diakou A, Kapantaidakis E, Tamvakis A, Giannakis V, Strus N. Dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of Greece. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:508.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-013-0187-x","volume":"58","author":"R Sa\u0142amatin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sa\u0142amatin R, Pavlikovska T, Sagach O, Nikolayenko S, Kornyushin V, Kharchenko V, et al. Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Ukraine, an emergent zoonosis: epidemiological report of 1465 cases. Acta Parasitol. 2013;58:592\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"4891_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.10.021","volume":"142","author":"A Rossi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossi A, Peix \u00c1, Pavlikovskaya T, Sagach O, Nikolaenko S, Chizh N, et al. Genetic diversity of Dirofilaria spp. isolated from subcutaneous and ocular lesions of human patients in Ukraine. Acta Trop. 2015;142:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"4891_CR24","unstructured":"Coman S, Bacescu B, Coman T. Epidemiological and paraclinical aspects in dirofilariosis in dogs. Proceedings of the First European Dirofilaria Days, Zagreb, Croatia, 2007."},{"key":"4891_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0915","volume":"12","author":"V Mircean","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mircean V, Dumitrache MO, Gy\u00f6rke A, Pantchev N, Jodies R, Mihalca AD, et al. Seroprevalence and geographic distribution of Dirofilaria immitis and tick-borne infections (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Ehrlichia canis) in dogs from Romania. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:595\u2013604.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"4891_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4263-4","volume":"114","author":"AM Ionic\u0103","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ionic\u0103 AM, Matei IA, Mircean V, Dumitrache MO, D\u2019Amico G, Gy\u0151rke A, et al. Current surveys on the prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria spp. and Acanthocheilonema reconditum infections in dogs in Romania. Parasitol Res. 2015;114:975\u201382.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4891_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-206","volume":"7","author":"C Genchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Genchi C, Bowman D, Drake J. Canine heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) in Western Europe: survey of veterinary awareness and perceptions. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:206.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-30","volume":"7","author":"M Kronefeld","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kronefeld M, Kampen H, Sassnau R, Werner D. Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:30.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004547","volume":"10","author":"H-P Fuehrer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fuehrer H-P, Auer H, Leschnik M, Silbermayr K, Duscher G, Joachim A. Dirofilaria in humans, dogs, and vectors in Austria (1978\u20132014)\u2014from imported pathogens to the endemicity of Dirofilaria repens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004547.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"4891_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-006-0046-5","volume":"43","author":"Z Svobodov\u00e1","year":"2006","unstructured":"Svobodov\u00e1 Z, Svobodov\u00e1 V, Genchi C, Forejtek P. The first report of authochthonous dirofilariosis in dogs in the Czech Republic. Helminthologia. 2006;43:242\u20135.","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"4891_CR31","first-page":"685","volume":"87","author":"A \u015awi\u0105talska","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u015awi\u0105talska A, Demiaszkiewicz AW. Pierwszy w Polsce rodzimy przypadek inwazji nicieni Dirofilaria immitis u psa. \u017bycie Weterynaryjne. 2012;87:685\u20136.","journal-title":"\u017bycie Weterynaryjne"},{"key":"4891_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.108995","volume":"280","author":"C Genchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Genchi C, Kramer LH. The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in the Old World. Vet Parasitol. 2020;280:108995.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"4891_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-226","volume":"7","author":"K Silbermayr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Silbermayr K, Eigner B, Joachim A, Duscher GG, Seidel B, Allerberger F, et al. Autochthonous Dirofilaria repens in Austria. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:226.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06576-4","volume":"119","author":"K Sonnberger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sonnberger K, Duscher GG, Fuehrer H-P, Leschnik M. Current trends in canine dirofilariosis in Austria\u2014do we face a pre-endemic status? Parasitol Res. 2020;119:1001\u20139.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"4891_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2980-8","volume":"11","author":"A Tomazatos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tomazatos A, Cadar D, T\u00f6r\u00f6k E, Maranda I, Horv\u00e1th C, Keresztes L, et al. Circulation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Romania. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:392.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"4891_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2019-0033","volume":"56","author":"H Stoyanova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoyanova H, Carret\u00f3n E, Montoya-Alonso JA. Stray dogs of Sofia (Bulgaria) could be an important reservoir of heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitis). Helminthologia. 2019;56:329.","journal-title":"Helminthologia"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T09:21:03Z","timestamp":1628241663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-498922\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study (project number: PD38\/2018) was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania. Informed consent was obtained from the owner or manager of the shelter before a dog\u2019s inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"390"}}