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The risk of acquiring a tick-borne infection varies across space and time, so knowledge of the occurrence and prevalence of pathogens in ticks can facilitate disease diagnosis in a specific area and the implementation of mitigation measures and awareness campaigns. Here we identify the occurrence and prevalence of several pathogens in\n                      <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ticks in Wester Ross, Northwest Scotland, a region of high tourism and tick exposure, yet data-poor in terms of tick-borne pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Questing\n                      <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      nymphs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092828) were collected from 26 sites in 2018 and 2019 and tested for the presence of tick-borne pathogens using PCR-based methods. Prevalence was compared with other regions of Scotland, England, Wales, and the Netherlands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4.7% prevalence),\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu lato (s.l.) (2.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      from clade X (0.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>Rickettsia helvetica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.04%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Spiroplasma ixodetis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.4%) were detected, but no\n                      <jats:italic>Neoehrlichia mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typing of\n                      <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      using a fragment of the\n                      <jats:italic>GroEL<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene identified the presence of both ecotype I and ecotype II. Genospecies identification of\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.l. revealed\n                      <jats:italic>B. afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (53% of infected nymphs),\n                      <jats:italic>B. garinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (9%),\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu stricto (7%), and\n                      <jats:italic>B. valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      (31%). We found similar prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Wester Ross as in the Netherlands, but higher than in other parts of Great Britain. We found lower\n                      <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.l. prevalence than in England or the Netherlands, and similar to some other Scottish studies. We found higher prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>B. valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      and lower prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>B. garinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      than in other Scottish studies. We found\n                      <jats:italic>S. ixodetis<\/jats:italic>\n                      at much lower prevalence than in the Netherlands, and\n                      <jats:italic>R. helvetica<\/jats:italic>\n                      at much lower prevalence than in England and the Netherlands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As far as we know, this is the first description of\n                      <jats:italic>S. ixodetis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Great Britain. The results are relevant for disease surveillance and management for public and veterinary health. The findings can also aid in designing targeted public health campaigns and in raising awareness among outdoor recreationists and professionals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04946-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T10:10:33Z","timestamp":1629972633000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Wester Ross, Northwest Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4953-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Olsthoorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Sprong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Fonville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolyon","family":"Medlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaboury","family":"Ghazoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4946_CR1","unstructured":"ECDC. 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