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Liver fibrosis is characterized by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with massive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Our previous study showed that the TGF-\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-induced Smad signaling pathway played a critical role in the activation of HSCs during liver fibrosis induced by worm infection; however, the mechanisms that modulate the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway are still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that miRNAs act as an important regulator of activation of HSCs during liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The target of miR-497 was determined by bioinformatics analysis combined with a dual-luciferase activity assay. LX-2 cells were transfected with miR-497 inhibitor and then stimulated with TGF-\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> or excretory\/secretory products of <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic> (CsESPs), and activation of LX-2 was assessed using qPCR or western blot. In vivo, the mice treated with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were intravenously injected with a single dose of adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) that overexpressed anti-miR-497 sequences or their scramble control for 6\u00a0weeks. Liver fibrosis and damage were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, Masson staining, and qPCR; the activation of the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway was detected by qPCR or western blot.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the present study, the expression of miR-497 was increased in HSCs activated by TGF-\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> or ESPs of <jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>. We identified that <jats:italic>Smad7<\/jats:italic> was the target of miR-497 using combined bioinformatics analysis with luciferase activity assays. Transfection of anti-miR-497 into HSCs upregulated the expression of Smad7, leading to a decrease in the level of p-Smad2\/3 and subsequent suppression of the activation of HSCs induced by TGF-\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> or CsESPs.  Furthermore, miR-497 inhibitor delivered by highly-hepatotropic (rAAV8) inhibited TGF-\u03b2\/smads signaling pathway by targeting at Smad7 to ameliorate CCL4-induced liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study demonstrates that miR-497 promotes liver fibrogenesis by targeting <jats:italic>Smad7<\/jats:italic> to promote TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway transduction both in vivo and in vitro, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy using anti-miR-497 against liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04972-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T20:02:31Z","timestamp":1631649751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["MicroRNA-497 induced by Clonorchis sinensis enhances the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway to promote hepatic fibrosis by targeting Smad7"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qian-Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Zhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei-Bei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kui-Yang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10020","key":"4972_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60313-0","volume":"387","author":"MB Qian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qian MB, Utzinger J, Keiser J, Zhou XN. 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