{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1793915804385,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BR 780\/23-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR 780\/23-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STR 1171\/14-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STR 1171\/14-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stiftung Tier\u00e4rztliche Hochschule Hannover (TIHO)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The roundworm <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic> is one of the parasites with the greatest economic impact on pig farming. In this context, lower weight gain is hypothesized to be due to decreased nutrient absorption. This study aims at characterizing the effects of <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> infection on intestinal nutrient transport processes and potential molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Three groups of six piglets each were infected orally (10,000 embryonated <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> eggs) in a single dose (\u201csingle infection\u201d). Another three groups were infected orally (1000 embryonated eggs) for 10 consecutive days (\u201ctrickle infection\u201d). Animals were necropsied 21, 35 and 49\u00a0days post-infection (dpi). Three groups served as respective controls. The Ussing chamber technique was applied for the functional characterization of small intestinal tissues [short-circuit currents (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>sc<\/jats:sub>) as induced by glucose, alanine and peptides; <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H-glucose net flux rates; tissue conductance (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>)]. Transcription and expression levels of relevant cytokines and nutrient transporters were evaluated (qPCR\/western blot).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Peptide- and alanine-induced changes in <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>sc<\/jats:sub> were significantly decreased in the jejunum and ileum of the trickle-infected group at 49 dpi and in the ileum of the single-infected group at 49 dpi. No significant differences regarding glucose transport were observed between the <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>-infected groups and the control group in Ussing chamber experiments. Transcription levels of the glucose and peptide transporters as well as of selected transcription factors (transcription of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 [<jats:italic>STAT6<\/jats:italic>] and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [<jats:italic>Hif-1\u03b1<\/jats:italic>]) were significantly increased in response to both infection types after some periods. The transcription of interleukins 4 and 13 varied between decrease and increase regarding the respective time points, as did the protein expression of glucose transporters. The expression of the peptide transporter PepT1 was significantly decreased in the ileal single-infected group at 35 dpi. Hif-1\u03b1 was significantly increased in the ileal tissue from the single-infected group at 21 dpi and in the trickle-infected group at 35 dpi. The expression levels of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase and ASCT1 remained unaffected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In contrast to the current hypothesis, these results indicate that the nutrient deprivation induced by <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> cannot be explained by transcriptional or expression changes alone and requires further studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05029-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T10:42:17Z","timestamp":1634208137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Changes in porcine nutrient transport physiology in response to Ascaris suum infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sarina","family":"Koehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Issel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Klinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Breves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00431-3","volume":"96","author":"A Joachim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joachim A, Dulmer N, Daugschies A, Roepstorff A. Occurrence of helminths in pig fattening units with different management systems in Northern Germany. Vet Parasitol. 2001;96:135\u201346.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5029_CR2","first-page":"6899","volume":"7","author":"M Ceccarelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ceccarelli M, Leprini E, Sechi P, Iulietto MF, Grispoldi L, Goretti E, et al. Analysis of the causes of the seizure and destruction of carcasses and organs in a slaughterhouse in central Italy in the 2010\u20132016 period. Ital J Food Saf. 2018;7:6899.","journal-title":"Ital J Food Saf"},{"key":"5029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/3284450","volume":"83","author":"KD Murrell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murrell KD, Eriksen L, Nansen P, Slotved HC, Rasmussen T. Ascaris suum: a revision of its early migratory path and implications for human ascariasis. J Parasitol. 1997;83:255\u201360.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001480","volume":"115","author":"A Roepstorff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roepstorff A, Eriksen L, Slotved HC, Nansen P. Experimental Ascaris suum infection in the pig: worm population kinetics following single inoculations with three doses of infective eggs. Parasitology. 1997;115:443\u201352.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"5029_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"P Pilitt","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pilitt P, Lichtenfels JR, Tromba F, Madden P. Differentiation of late fourth and early fifth stages of Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in swine. Proc Helminthol Soc Wash. 1981;48:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Helminthol Soc Wash"},{"key":"5029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2307\/3223859","volume":"77","author":"LS Olsen","year":"1958","unstructured":"Olsen LS, Kelley GW, Sen HG. Longevity and egg-production of Ascaris suum. Trans Am Micros Soc. 1958;77:380\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3223859.","journal-title":"Trans Am Micros Soc"},{"key":"5029_CR7","unstructured":"Ebke M, Sundrum A. Qualit\u00e4tssicherung in der \u00f6kologischen Schweinemast. In: Ende der Nische, Beitr\u00e4ge zur 8. Wissenschaftstagung \u00d6kologischer Landbau. 2004. https:\/\/orgprints.org\/id\/eprint\/3793."},{"key":"5029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(80)90051-X","volume":"49","author":"LS Stephenson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stephenson LS, Pond WG, Nesheim MC, Krook LP, Crompton DW. Ascaris suum: nutrient absorption, growth, and intestinal pathology in young pigs experimentally infected with 15-day-old larvae. Exp Parasitol. 1980;49:15\u201325.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"5029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080483","volume":"83","author":"E Forsum","year":"1981","unstructured":"Forsum E, Nesheim MC, Crompton DWT. Nutritional aspects of Ascaris infection in young protein-deficient pigs. Parasitology. 1981;83:497\u2013512.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"5029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.03.006","volume":"268","author":"E Vandekerckhove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vandekerckhove E, Vlaminck J, Sacrist\u00e1n RdP, Geldhof P. Effect of strategic deworming on Ascaris suum exposure and technical performance parameters in fattening pigs. Vet Parasitol. 2019;268:67\u201372.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1985.601220x","volume":"60","author":"OM Hale","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hale OM, Stewart TB, Marti OG. Influence of an experimental infection of Ascaris suum on performance of pigs. J Anim Sci. 1985;60:220\u20135.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"5029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.2234","volume":"167","author":"T Shea-Donohue","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shea-Donohue T, Sullivan C, Finkelman FD, Madden KB, Morris SC, Goldhill J, et al. The role of IL-4 in Heligmosomoides polygyrus-induced alterations in murine intestinal epithelial cell function. J Immunol. 2001;167:2234\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(84)90073-0","volume":"57","author":"MW Fleming","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fleming MW, Fetterer RH. Ascaris suum: continuous perfusion of the pseudocoelom and nutrient absorption. Exp Parasitol. 1984;57:142\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"5029_CR14","first-page":"422","volume":"9","author":"G Solano-Aguilar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Solano-Aguilar G, Shea-Donohue T, Madden KB, Quinones A, Beshah E, Lakshman S, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis modulates the local immune response and glucose uptake in the small intestine of juvenile pigs infected with the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Gut Microbes. 2018;9:422\u201336.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"5029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.02.012","volume":"35","author":"A Schwarz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwarz A, Gauly M, Abel H, Das G, Humburg J, Rohn K, et al. Immunopathogenesis of Ascaridia galli infection in layer chicken. Dev Comp Immunol. 2011;35:774\u201384.","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80477-X","volume":"8","author":"JF Urban Jr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Urban JF Jr, Noben-Trauth N, Donaldson DD, Madden KB, Morris SC, Collins M, et al. IL-13, IL-4Ralpha, and Stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Immunity. 1998;8:255\u201364.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"5029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4417","volume":"169","author":"KB Madden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Madden KB, Whitman L, Sullivan C, Gause WC, Urban JF Jr, Katona IM, et al. Role of STAT6 and mast cells in IL-4- and IL-13-induced alterations in murine intestinal epithelial cell function. J Immunol. 2002;169:4417\u201322.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595694","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/595694","volume":"2012","author":"AP Rogerio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rogerio AP, Anibal FF. Role of leukotrienes on protozoan and helminth infections. Mediators Inflamm. 2012;2012:595694.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"5029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1010","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00284.2014","volume":"307","author":"S Arthur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arthur S, Sundaram U. Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of RKIP regulates inhibition of Na-alanine cotransport by leukotriene D(4) in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014;307:C1010\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"5029_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.7.3978","volume":"274","author":"H Zhao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhao H, Wiederkehr MR, Fan L, Collazo RL, Crowder LA, Moe OW. Acute inhibition of Na\/H exchanger NHE-3 by cAMP. Role of protein kinase a and NHE-3 phosphoserines 552 and 605. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:3978\u201387.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13562","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13562","volume":"6","author":"S Klinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klinger S, Lange P, Brandt E, Hustedt K, Schroder B, Breves G, et al. Degree of SGLT1 phosphorylation is associated with but does not determine segment-specific glucose transport features in the porcine small intestines. Physiol Rep. 2018;6:e13562.","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"5029_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1254","volume":"132","author":"JR Aschenbach","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aschenbach JR, Borau T, Gabel G. Glucose uptake via SGLT-1 is stimulated by beta(2)-adrenoceptors in the ruminal epithelium of sheep. J Nutr. 2002;132:1254\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14740","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.25.14740","volume":"271","author":"JR Hirsch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hirsch JR, Loo DD, Wright EM. Regulation of Na+\/glucose cotransporter expression by protein kinases in Xenopus laevis oocytes. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:14740\u20136.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.2.287","volume":"200","author":"EM Wright","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wright EM, Hirsch JR, Loo DD, Zampighi GA. Regulation of Na+\/glucose cotransporters. J Exp Biol. 1997;200:287\u201393.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"5029_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500155","volume":"350","author":"GL Kellett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kellett GL, Helliwell PA. The diffusive component of intestinal glucose absorption is mediated by the glucose-induced recruitment of GLUT2 to the brush-border membrane. Biochem J. 2000;350(Pt 1):155\u201362.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"5029_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421086","volume":"114","author":"J Karhausen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karhausen J, Furuta GT, Tomaszewski JE, Johnson RS, Colgan SP, Haase VH. Epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-1 is protective in murine experimental colitis. J Clin Invest. 2004;114:1098\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.089","volume":"415","author":"D Ochiai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ochiai D, Goda N, Hishiki T, Kanai M, Senoo-Matsuda N, Soga T, et al. Disruption of HIF-1\u03b1 in hepatocytes impairs glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;415:445\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"5029_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9519","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010144200","volume":"276","author":"C Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen C, Pore N, Behrooz A, Ismail-Beigi F, Maity A. Regulation of GLUT1 mRNA by hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Interaction between H-ras and hypoxia. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:9519\u201325.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5029_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1151","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90649.2008","volume":"296","author":"LL Clarke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clarke LL. A guide to Ussing chamber studies of mouse intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009;296:G1151\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.90649.2008.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"5029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.47.6.1043","volume":"47","author":"SG Schultz","year":"1964","unstructured":"Schultz SG, Zalusky R. Ion transport in isolated rabbit ileum. Ii. The interaction between active sodium and active sugar transport. J Gen Physiol. 1964;47:1043\u201359.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"5029_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2622-y","volume":"110","author":"EM Laabs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laabs EM, Schnieder T, Strube C. In vitro studies on the sexual maturation of the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus during the development of preadult larvae to adult worms. Parasitol Res. 2012;110:1249\u201359.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5029_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00498.2007","volume":"295","author":"JR Talukder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talukder JR, Kekuda R, Saha P, Sundaram U. Mechanism of leukotriene D4 inhibition of Na-alanine cotransport in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;295:G1-g6.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"5029_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84763","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084763","volume":"9","author":"L Notari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Notari L, Riera DC, Sun R, Bohl JA, McLean LP, Madden KB, et al. Role of macrophages in the altered epithelial function during a type 2 immune response induced by enteric nematode infection. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e84763.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5029_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2012.05.204","volume":"163","author":"J Herrmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Herrmann J, Schr\u00f6der B, Klinger S, Thorenz A, Werner A-C, Abel H, et al. Segmental diversity of electrogenic glucose transport characteristics in the small intestines of weaned pigs. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2012;163:161\u20139.","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"5029_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klinger S, Breves G. Resveratrol inhibits porcine intestinal glucose and alanine transport: Potential roles of Na(+)\/K(+)-ATPase activity, protein kinase a, amp-activated protein kinase and the association of selected nutrient transport proteins with detergent resistant membranes. Nutrients. 2018;10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030302"},{"key":"5029_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15959","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.340406","volume":"287","author":"H Poulsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poulsen H, Nissen P, Mouritsen OG, Khandelia H. Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Na+\/K+-ATPase opens intracellular C-terminal water pathway leading to third Na+-binding site in molecular dynamics simulations. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:15959\u201365.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5029_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.948","volume":"171","author":"A Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao A, McDermott J, Urban JF Jr, Gause W, Madden KB, Yeung KA, et al. Dependence of IL-4, IL-13, and nematode-induced alterations in murine small intestinal smooth muscle contractility on Stat6 and enteric nerves. J Immunol. 2003;171:948\u201354.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(05)80018-0","volume":"12","author":"FD Finkelman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Finkelman FD, Pearce EJ, Urban JF Jr, Sher A. Regulation and biological function of helminth-induced cytokine responses. Immunol Today. 1991;12:A62\u20136.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"5029_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1183","volume":"3","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:733\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR40","first-page":"650","volume":"81","author":"S Andersen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Andersen S, J\u00f8rgensen RJ, Nansen P, Nielsen K. Experimental Ascaris suum infection in piglets: inverse relationship between the numbers of inoculated eggs and the numbers of worms established in the intestine. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1973;81:650\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B"},{"key":"5029_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(75)90017-5","volume":"1","author":"R J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1975","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen R, Nansen P, Nielsen K, Eriksen L, Andersen S. Experimental Ascaris suum infection in the pig. Population kinetics following low and high levels of primary infection in piglets. Vet Parasitol. 1975;1:151\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5029_CR42","first-page":"20","volume":"67","author":"MW Kennedy","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kennedy MW, Qureshi F, Haswell-Elkins M, Elkins DB. Homology and heterology between the secreted antigens of the parasitic larval stages of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;67:20\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"5029_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000394","volume":"133","author":"H Mejer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mejer H, Roepstorff A. Ascaris suum infections in pigs born and raised on contaminated paddocks. Parasitology. 2006;133:305\u201312.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"5029_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00752.x","volume":"27","author":"N Miquel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miquel N, Roepstorff A, Bailey M, Eriksen L. Host immune reactions and worm kinetics during the expulsion of Ascaris suum in pigs. Parasite Immunol. 2005;27:79\u201388.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05029-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05029-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05029-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T12:05:11Z","timestamp":1646136311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05029-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05029-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animals received care according to the German Animal Protection Law, which complies with the EC Directive 2010\/63\/EU. Animal experiments were permitted by the ethics commission (Animal Care and Use Committee) of the German Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (<i>Nieders\u00e4chsisches Landesamt f\u00fcr Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit<\/i>) under reference number 33.19.42502-04-16\/2272.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"533"}}