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Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> have been poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, we report a case of ancylostomiasis in Zhengzhou city of Henan Province. We also review the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province from 1949 to 2020. In addition, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of one clinical isolate is fully characterized using Illumina sequencing. All available mt genomes of hookworms in GenBank were included to reconstruct the phylogeny using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of three worms were collected from the patient. These worms were identified as <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> based on morphological characteristics as well as confirmed by genotyping with the barcoding gene <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1. Although ancylostomiasis cases have dropped substantially in recent years, hookworm infection is still a public health problem in underdeveloped areas and remote rural areas in Henan Province. The mt genome features of the <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a major non-coding region. The <jats:italic>nad<\/jats:italic>1 gene showed high sequence variability among isolates, which is worth considering for future genetic studies of <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of hookworm isolates from different hosts and distinct geographical locations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mt genome of <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> presented here will serve as a useful data set for studying population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of hookworms. Positive measures for preventing and controlling ancylostomiasis are required by both health services and individuals in Henan Province.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05035-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T15:20:48Z","timestamp":1634224848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fang Fang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Fei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha Sha","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing Ru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0060","volume":"103","author":"K Stracke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stracke K, Jex AR, Traub RJ. 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The patient was informed of the purpose and significance of the study, and the parasites were collected after informed consent was provided.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"537"}}