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In Saudi Arabia, management measures to control this mosquito and thereby prevent associated disease transmission have focused on insecticides. Nevertheless, information on the resistance status of <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> is insufficient, especially concerning insecticides containing novel classes of insecticides.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We evaluated six insecticides belonging to four classes of insecticides (insect growth regulators [3], avermectins [1], diamides [1] and spinosyns [1]) for toxicity and resistance in eight <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> populations (from Ishbiliya, Al-Masfa, Al-Masanie, Al-Washlah, Al-Nakhil, Irqah, Al-Suwaidi and Al-Ghanemiya) following World Health Organisation protocols.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Resistance status ranging from susceptibility\/low resistance to high resistance, in comparison with the susceptible strain, was detected for cyromazine in the eight <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> populations: Ishbiliya (resistance ratio [RR]\u2009=\u20093.33), Al-Masfa (RR = 4.33), Al-Masanie (RR = 3.67), Al-Washlah (RR = 2.33), Al-Nakhil (RR = 5.33), Irqah (RR = 7.00), Al-Suwaidi (RR = 21.33) and Al-Ghanemiya (RR = 16.00). All <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> populations exhibited a high level of resistance to diflubenzuron (RR = 13.33\u201343.33), with the exception of Al-Nakhil which exhibited moderate resistance (RR = 10.00). Susceptibility\/low resistance to high resistance was observed for triflumuron in the eight <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> populations: Ishbiliya (RR\u2009=\u20090.50), Al-Ghanemiya (RR\u2009= \u20093.00), Al-Suwaidi (RR\u2009= \u200910.00), Al-Masfa (RR\u2009= \u20095.00), Al-Masanie (RR\u2009= \u200910.00), Al-Nakhil (RR\u2009= \u20095.00), Irqah (RR\u2009= \u20095.00) and Al-Washlah (RR\u2009= \u200915.00). Susceptibility\/low resistance was assessed for abamectin, chlorantraniliprole and spinosad in all <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> populations, with RR ranges of 0.25\u20133.50, 0.17\u20132.19, and 0.02\u20130.50, respectively. However, the population collected from Irqah showed high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR\u2009=\u200911.93).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The detection of widespread resistance to insect growth regulators in <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> highlights an urgent need to establish integrated vector management strategies. Our results may facilitate the selection of potent insecticides for integrated vector management programmes for <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05068-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T10:04:04Z","timestamp":1635501844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Insecticide resistance to insect growth regulators, avermectins, spinosyns and diamides in Culex quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4290-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulwahab M.","family":"Hafez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naeem","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5068_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5218-8","volume":"115","author":"RM Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah RM, Alam M, Ahmad D, Waqas M, Ali Q, Binyameen M, et al. 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