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However, the prolonged and indiscriminate use of these compounds has led to the emergence of resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations in Africa. Insecticide resistance surveillance programs are less frequent in Cabo Verde than in other African countries. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of the L1014F and L1014S alleles in natural populations of\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected from two sampling sites in the city of Praia, Cabo Verde.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvae were collected from the two sampling sites and reared in the laboratory until the adult stage. Mosquitoes were first morphologically identified by classical taxonomy and then by molecular species identification using molecular markers. All\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were subjected to PCR analysis to screen for mutations associated to resistance in the\n                      <jats:italic>Na<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      gene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 105 mosquitoes, all belonging to the\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex, were identified by classical taxonomy as well as by molecular taxonomy. Molecular identification showed that 100% of the\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      senso lato specimens analyzed corresponded to\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Analysis of the\n                      <jats:italic>Na<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      gene revealed the presence of L1014S and L1014F alleles with frequencies of 0.10 and 0.19, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our data demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of the L1014F allele in the\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      population from Cabo Verde, as well as an increase in the frequency of the\n                      <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>\n                      L1014S allele reported in a previous study. The results of this study demonstrate the need to establish new approaches in vector control programs in Cabo Verde.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05088-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T17:02:26Z","timestamp":1637514146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["First report of the L1014F\u00a0kdr mutation in wild populations of Anopheles arabiensis in Cabo Verde, West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Derciliano Lopes","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Henrique Santos","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elainne Christine","family":"de Souza Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara Ferrero","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Const\u00e2ncia Fl\u00e1via Junqueira","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5088_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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