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A few species of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes are responsible for malaria transmission, and while there has been a reduction in malaria-related deaths worldwide, growing insecticide resistance is a cause for concern. <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes are known vectors of viral infections, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are key players in protein synthesis and are potent anti-infective drug targets. The structure\u2013function activity relationship of aaRSs in mosquitoes (in particular, <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> spp.) remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We employed computational techniques to identify aaRSs from five different mosquito species (<jats:italic>Anopheles culicifacies<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles minimus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>). The VectorBase database (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/vectorbase.org\/vectorbase\/app\">https:\/\/vectorbase.org\/vectorbase\/app<\/jats:ext-link>) and web-based tools were utilized to predict the subcellular localizations (TargetP-2.0, UniProt, DeepLoc-1.0), physicochemical characteristics (ProtParam), and domain arrangements (PfAM, InterPro) of the aaRSs. Structural models for prolyl (PRS)-, and phenylalanyl (FRS)-tRNA synthetases\u2014were generated using the I-TASSER and Phyre protein modeling servers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the vector species, a total of 37 (<jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>), 37 (<jats:italic>An. culicifacies<\/jats:italic>), 37 (<jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>), 37 (<jats:italic>An. minimus<\/jats:italic>), and 35 (<jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>) different aaRSs were characterized within their respective mosquito genomes. Sequence identity amongst the aaRSs from the four <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp. was\u2009&gt;\u200980% and in <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> was\u2009&gt;\u200950%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Structural analysis of two important aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases [prolyl (PRS) and phenylanalyl (FRS)] of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp. suggests structural and sequence similarity with potential antimalarial inhibitor [halofuginone (HF) and bicyclic azetidine (BRD1369)] binding sites. This suggests the potential for repurposing of these inhibitors against the studied <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>. <\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05106-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T10:02:34Z","timestamp":1639216954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Drug targeting of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in Anopheles species and Aedes aegypti that cause malaria and dengue"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7384-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumyananda","family":"Chakraborti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Chhibber-Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"5106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14020124","volume":"14","author":"EJ Norris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norris EJ, Coats JR. 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